diff --git a/src/ol/Disposable.js b/src/ol/Disposable.js
index da4cb6b60f..d7800fa2b8 100644
--- a/src/ol/Disposable.js
+++ b/src/ol/Disposable.js
@@ -14,15 +14,15 @@ class Disposable {
      * @type {boolean}
      * @private
      */
-    this.disposed = false;
+    this.disposed_ = false;
   }
 
   /**
    * Clean up.
    */
   dispose() {
-    if (!this.disposed) {
-      this.disposed = true;
+    if (!this.disposed_) {
+      this.disposed_ = true;
       this.disposeInternal();
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/ol/VectorImageTile.js b/src/ol/VectorImageTile.js
index 85ad648f50..a075fa0699 100644
--- a/src/ol/VectorImageTile.js
+++ b/src/ol/VectorImageTile.js
@@ -143,8 +143,7 @@ class VectorImageTile extends Tile {
    * @inheritDoc
    */
   disposeInternal() {
-    this.state = TileState.ABORT;
-    this.changed();
+    this.setState(TileState.ABORT);
 
     for (let i = 0, ii = this.tileKeys.length; i < ii; ++i) {
       const sourceTileKey = this.tileKeys[i];
@@ -176,6 +175,14 @@ class VectorImageTile extends Tile {
     return this.context_[key];
   }
 
+  /**
+   * @param {import("./layer/Layer.js").default} layer Layer.
+   * @return {boolean} Tile has a rendering context for the given layer.
+   */
+  hasContext(layer) {
+    return getUid(layer) in this.context_;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Get the Canvas for this tile.
    * @param {import("./layer/Layer.js").default} layer Layer.
@@ -262,7 +269,7 @@ class VectorImageTile extends Tile {
       }.bind(this));
     }
     if (leftToLoad - Object.keys(errorSourceTiles).length == 0) {
-      setTimeout(this.finishLoading_.bind(this), 0);
+      setTimeout(this.finishLoading_.bind(this), 16);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/src/ol/VectorTile.js b/src/ol/VectorTile.js
index 3e64403891..e7ae5f0acf 100644
--- a/src/ol/VectorTile.js
+++ b/src/ol/VectorTile.js
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * @module ol/VectorTile
  */
-import {containsExtent} from './extent.js';
 import Tile from './Tile.js';
 import TileState from './TileState.js';
 
@@ -147,30 +146,6 @@ class VectorTile extends Tile {
     return this.executorGroups_[layerId + ',' + key];
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Get the best matching lower resolution replay group for a given zoom and extent.
-   * @param {string} layerId UID of the layer.
-   * @param {number} zoom Zoom.
-   * @param {import("./extent").Extent} extent Extent.
-   * @return {import("./render/canvas/ExecutorGroup.js").default} Executor groups.
-   */
-  getLowResExecutorGroup(layerId, zoom, extent) {
-    let bestZoom = 0;
-    let replayGroup = null;
-    for (const key in this.executorGroups_) {
-      const keyData = key.split(',');
-      const candidateZoom = Number(keyData[1]);
-      if (keyData[0] === layerId && candidateZoom <= zoom) {
-        const candidate = this.executorGroups_[key];
-        if (containsExtent(candidate.getMaxExtent(), extent) && candidateZoom > bestZoom) {
-          replayGroup = candidate;
-          bestZoom = candidateZoom;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    return replayGroup;
-  }
-
   /**
    * @inheritDoc
    */
diff --git a/src/ol/render/canvas/ExecutorGroup.js b/src/ol/render/canvas/ExecutorGroup.js
index 36d921921d..94b8022adc 100644
--- a/src/ol/render/canvas/ExecutorGroup.js
+++ b/src/ol/render/canvas/ExecutorGroup.js
@@ -280,13 +280,6 @@ class ExecutorGroup {
     return flatClipCoords;
   }
 
-  /**
-   * @return {import("../../extent.js").Extent} The extent of the replay group.
-   */
-  getMaxExtent() {
-    return this.maxExtent_;
-  }
-
   /**
    * @param {number|undefined} zIndex Z index.
    * @param {import("./BuilderType.js").default} builderType Builder type.
diff --git a/src/ol/renderer/Layer.js b/src/ol/renderer/Layer.js
index 3d20b415ac..3dd5682626 100644
--- a/src/ol/renderer/Layer.js
+++ b/src/ol/renderer/Layer.js
@@ -48,6 +48,18 @@ class LayerRenderer extends Observable {
     return abstract();
   }
 
+  /**
+   * @param {Object<number, Object<string, import("../Tile.js").default>>} tiles Lookup of loaded tiles by zoom level.
+   * @param {number} zoom Zoom level.
+   * @param {import("../Tile.js").default} tile Tile.
+   */
+  loadedTileCallback(tiles, zoom, tile) {
+    if (!tiles[zoom]) {
+      tiles[zoom] = {};
+    }
+    tiles[zoom][tile.tileCoord.toString()] = tile;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Create a function that adds loaded tiles to the tile lookup.
    * @param {import("../source/Tile.js").default} source Tile source.
@@ -63,20 +75,13 @@ class LayerRenderer extends Observable {
        * @param {number} zoom Zoom level.
        * @param {import("../TileRange.js").default} tileRange Tile range.
        * @return {boolean} The tile range is fully loaded.
+       * @this {LayerRenderer}
        */
       function(zoom, tileRange) {
-        /**
-         * @param {import("../Tile.js").default} tile Tile.
-         */
-        function callback(tile) {
-          if (!tiles[zoom]) {
-            tiles[zoom] = {};
-          }
-          tiles[zoom][tile.tileCoord.toString()] = tile;
-        }
+        const callback = this.loadedTileCallback.bind(this, tiles, zoom);
         return source.forEachLoadedTile(projection, zoom, tileRange, callback);
       }
-    );
+    ).bind(this);
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/src/ol/renderer/canvas/TileLayer.js b/src/ol/renderer/canvas/TileLayer.js
index ef9b0059a6..104ae39ad1 100644
--- a/src/ol/renderer/canvas/TileLayer.js
+++ b/src/ol/renderer/canvas/TileLayer.js
@@ -65,11 +65,11 @@ class CanvasTileLayerRenderer extends CanvasLayerRenderer {
   }
 
   /**
-   * @private
+   * @protected
    * @param {import("../../Tile.js").default} tile Tile.
    * @return {boolean} Tile is drawable.
    */
-  isDrawableTile_(tile) {
+  isDrawableTile(tile) {
     const tileLayer = /** @type {import("../../layer/Tile.js").default} */ (this.getLayer());
     const tileState = tile.getState();
     const useInterimTilesOnError = tileLayer.getUseInterimTilesOnError();
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ class CanvasTileLayerRenderer extends CanvasLayerRenderer {
         this.newTiles_ = true;
       }
     }
-    if (!this.isDrawableTile_(tile)) {
+    if (!this.isDrawableTile(tile)) {
       tile = tile.getInterimTile();
     }
     return tile;
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class CanvasTileLayerRenderer extends CanvasLayerRenderer {
     for (let x = tileRange.minX; x <= tileRange.maxX; ++x) {
       for (let y = tileRange.minY; y <= tileRange.maxY; ++y) {
         const tile = this.getTile(z, x, y, pixelRatio, projection);
-        if (this.isDrawableTile_(tile)) {
+        if (this.isDrawableTile(tile)) {
           const uid = getUid(this);
           if (tile.getState() == TileState.LOADED) {
             tilesToDrawByZ[z][tile.tileCoord.toString()] = tile;
diff --git a/src/ol/renderer/canvas/VectorTileLayer.js b/src/ol/renderer/canvas/VectorTileLayer.js
index 4390579207..c788a83788 100644
--- a/src/ol/renderer/canvas/VectorTileLayer.js
+++ b/src/ol/renderer/canvas/VectorTileLayer.js
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
  */
 import {getUid} from '../../util.js';
 import {createCanvasContext2D} from '../../dom.js';
+import {getValues} from '../../obj.js';
 import TileState from '../../TileState.js';
 import ViewHint from '../../ViewHint.js';
 import {listen, unlisten, unlistenByKey} from '../../events.js';
@@ -124,9 +125,15 @@ class CanvasVectorTileLayerRenderer extends CanvasTileLayerRenderer {
 
     /**
      * @private
-     * @type {Object<string, import("../../VectorImageTile").default>}
+     * @type {Array<import("../../VectorImageTile.js").default>}
      */
-    this.tilesToPrepare_ = null;
+    this.tilesWithoutImage_ = null;
+
+    /**
+     * @private
+     * @type {Object<string, import("../../events").EventsKey)}
+     */
+    this.tileChangeKeys_ = {};
 
     /**
      * @private
@@ -146,6 +153,7 @@ class CanvasVectorTileLayerRenderer extends CanvasTileLayerRenderer {
    */
   disposeInternal() {
     unlisten(labelCache, EventType.CLEAR, this.handleFontsChanged_, this);
+    getValues(this.tileChangeKeys_).forEach(unlistenByKey);
     super.disposeInternal();
   }
 
@@ -154,30 +162,50 @@ class CanvasVectorTileLayerRenderer extends CanvasTileLayerRenderer {
    */
   getTile(z, x, y, pixelRatio, projection) {
     const tile = /** @type {import("../../VectorImageTile.js").default} */ (super.getTile(z, x, y, pixelRatio, projection));
-    if (tile.getState() === TileState.IDLE) {
-      const key = listen(tile, EventType.CHANGE, function() {
-        if (tile.sourceTilesLoaded) {
-          this.updateExecutorGroup_(tile, pixelRatio, projection);
-          if (!this.tilesToPrepare_) {
-            this.tilesToPrepare_ = {};
+    const uid = getUid(tile);
+    if (!(uid in this.tileChangeKeys_) && tile.getState() === TileState.IDLE) {
+      this.tileChangeKeys_[uid] = listen(tile, EventType.CHANGE, function() {
+        const state = tile.getState();
+        if (state === TileState.ABORT || tile.sourceTilesLoaded) {
+          unlistenByKey(this.tileChangeKeys_[uid]);
+          delete this.tileChangeKeys_[uid];
+          if (tile.sourceTilesLoaded) {
+            this.updateExecutorGroup_(tile, pixelRatio, projection);
+            //FIXME This should be done by the tile, and VectorImage tiles should be layer specific
             tile.setState(TileState.LOADED);
-          } else {
-            const tileId = getUid(tile);
-            if (!(tileId in this.tilesToPrepare_)) {
-              this.tilesToPrepare_[tileId] = [tile, pixelRatio, projection];
-            }
           }
-          unlistenByKey(key);
         }
       }.bind(this));
     }
     if (tile.getState() === TileState.LOADED) {
       this.updateExecutorGroup_(tile, pixelRatio, projection);
-      this.renderTileImage_(tile, pixelRatio, projection);
+      if (tile.hasContext(this.getLayer())) {
+        this.renderTileImage_(tile, pixelRatio, projection);
+      } else {
+        this.tilesWithoutImage_.push(tile);
+      }
     }
     return tile;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * @inheritDoc
+   */
+  loadedTileCallback(tiles, zoom, tile) {
+    if (!tile.hasContext(this.getLayer())) {
+      this.tilesWithoutImage_.push(tile);
+      return false;
+    }
+    return super.loadedTileCallback(tiles, zoom, tile);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @inheritdoc
+   */
+  isDrawableTile(tile) {
+    return super.isDrawableTile(tile) && tile.hasContext(this.getLayer());
+  }
+
   /**
    * @inheritDoc
    */
@@ -386,11 +414,15 @@ class CanvasVectorTileLayerRenderer extends CanvasTileLayerRenderer {
    * @inheritDoc
    */
   renderFrame(frameState, layerState) {
+    this.tilesWithoutImage_ = [];
     super.renderFrame(frameState, layerState);
 
     const layer = /** @type {import("../../layer/VectorTile.js").default} */ (this.getLayer());
+    const viewHints = frameState.viewHints;
+    const hifi = !(viewHints[ViewHint.ANIMATING] || viewHints[ViewHint.INTERACTING]);
     const renderMode = layer.getRenderMode();
     if (renderMode === VectorTileRenderType.IMAGE) {
+      this.renderMissingTileImages_(hifi, frameState);
       return this.container_;
     }
 
@@ -424,8 +456,6 @@ class CanvasVectorTileLayerRenderer extends CanvasTileLayerRenderer {
     if (declutterReplays) {
       this.declutterTree_.clear();
     }
-    const viewHints = frameState.viewHints;
-    const hifi = !(viewHints[ViewHint.ANIMATING] || viewHints[ViewHint.INTERACTING]);
     const tiles = this.renderedTiles;
     const tileGrid = source.getTileGridForProjection(frameState.viewState.projection);
     const clips = [];
@@ -487,30 +517,24 @@ class CanvasVectorTileLayerRenderer extends CanvasTileLayerRenderer {
       canvas.style.opacity = opacity;
     }
 
-    if (this.tilesToPrepare_) {
-      for (const key in this.tilesToPrepare_) {
-        if (!hifi || Date.now() - frameState.time >= 16) {
-          break;
-        }
-        const args = this.tilesToPrepare_[key];
-        delete this.tilesToPrepare_[key];
-        const tile = args[0];
-        if (!tile.disposed) {
-          frameState.animate = true;
-          this.renderTileImage_.apply(this, args);
-          tile.setState(TileState.LOADED);
-        }
-      }
-      if (Object.keys(this.tilesToPrepare_).length > 0) {
-        frameState.animate = true;
-      } else {
-        this.tilesToPrepare_ = null;
-      }
-    }
+    this.renderMissingTileImages_(hifi, frameState);
 
     return this.container_;
   }
 
+  renderMissingTileImages_(hifi, frameState) {
+    if (hifi) {
+      while (this.tilesWithoutImage_.length && Date.now() - frameState.time < 100) {
+        const tile = this.tilesWithoutImage_.pop();
+        frameState.animate = true;
+        this.renderTileImage_(tile, frameState.pixelRatio, frameState.viewState.projection);
+      }
+    }
+    if (this.tilesWithoutImage_.length) {
+      frameState.animate = true;
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * @param {import("../../Feature.js").FeatureLike} feature Feature.
    * @param {number} squaredTolerance Squared tolerance.
diff --git a/test/spec/ol/disposable.test.js b/test/spec/ol/disposable.test.js
index 168446f186..21907b9bbd 100644
--- a/test/spec/ol/disposable.test.js
+++ b/test/spec/ol/disposable.test.js
@@ -12,17 +12,17 @@ describe('ol.Disposable', function() {
 
   });
 
-  describe('#disposed', function() {
+  describe('#disposed_', function() {
 
     it('is initially false', function() {
       const disposable = new Disposable();
-      expect(disposable.disposed).to.be(false);
+      expect(disposable.disposed_).to.be(false);
     });
 
     it('is true after a call to dispose', function() {
       const disposable = new Disposable();
       disposable.dispose();
-      expect(disposable.disposed).to.be(true);
+      expect(disposable.disposed_).to.be(true);
     });
 
   });
diff --git a/test/spec/ol/renderer/canvas/vectortilelayer.test.js b/test/spec/ol/renderer/canvas/vectortilelayer.test.js
index 6801a21231..526be8d3e0 100644
--- a/test/spec/ol/renderer/canvas/vectortilelayer.test.js
+++ b/test/spec/ol/renderer/canvas/vectortilelayer.test.js
@@ -75,8 +75,11 @@ describe('ol.renderer.canvas.VectorTileLayer', function() {
         tileGrid: createXYZ()
       });
       source.getTile = function() {
-        arguments[1] = TileState.LOADED;
         const tile = VectorTileSource.prototype.getTile.apply(source, arguments);
+        tile.hasContext = function() {
+          return true;
+        };
+        tile.sourceTilesLoaded = true;
         tile.setState(TileState.LOADED);
         return tile;
       };
@@ -242,9 +245,8 @@ describe('ol.renderer.canvas.VectorTileLayer', function() {
       sourceTile.getImage = function() {
         return document.createElement('canvas');
       };
-      const tileUrlFunction = function() {};
       const tile = new VectorImageTile([0, 0, 0], undefined, undefined, undefined,
-        undefined, [0, 0, 0], undefined, createXYZ(), createXYZ(), undefined, undefined,
+        undefined, [0, 0, 0], undefined, createXYZ(), createXYZ(), {'0,0,0': sourceTile}, undefined,
         undefined, undefined, undefined);
       tile.transition_ = 0;
       tile.wrappedTileCoord = [0, 0, 0];
@@ -256,6 +258,9 @@ describe('ol.renderer.canvas.VectorTileLayer', function() {
         return tile;
       };
       const renderer = new CanvasVectorTileLayerRenderer(layer);
+      renderer.isDrawableTile = function() {
+        return true;
+      };
       const proj = getProjection('EPSG:3857');
       const frameState = {
         extent: proj.getExtent(),