diff --git a/examples/mobile-wmts-vienna.css b/examples/mobile-wmts-vienna.css
index a8ccc14a97..48e83d8372 100644
--- a/examples/mobile-wmts-vienna.css
+++ b/examples/mobile-wmts-vienna.css
@@ -12,13 +12,29 @@ html, body, #map {
 #title, #tags, #shortdesc {
     display: none;
 }
+
+/* Turn on GPU support where available */
+.olTileImage {
+    -webkit-transform: translateZ(0);
+    -moz-transform: translateZ(0);
+    -o-transform: translateZ(0);
+    -ms-transform: translateZ(0);
+    transform: translateZ(0);
+    -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;
+    -moz-backface-visibility: hidden;
+    -ms-backface-visibility: hidden;
+    backface-visibility: hidden;
+    -webkit-perspective: 1000;
+    -moz-perspective: 1000;
+    -ms-perspective: 1000;
+    perspective: 1000;
+}
+
 .olLayerGrid .olTileImage {
     -webkit-transition: opacity 0.2s linear;
     -moz-transition: opacity 0.2s linear;
     -o-transition: opacity 0.2s linear;
     transition: opacity 0.2s linear;
-    /* workaround for strange border tile squeezing on Android 4.x */
-    -webkit-transform: scale(1.001);
 }
 div.olControlAttribution {
     position: absolute;
@@ -168,4 +184,4 @@ div.layerPanel div.mapButtonItemActive:after {
 div.layerPanel div.mapButtonItemInactive,
 div.layerPanel div.mapButtonItemActive {
     margin-left: 1px;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/lib/OpenLayers/Control/Navigation.js b/lib/OpenLayers/Control/Navigation.js
index 30cb268e2f..d50e131204 100644
--- a/lib/OpenLayers/Control/Navigation.js
+++ b/lib/OpenLayers/Control/Navigation.js
@@ -245,8 +245,7 @@ OpenLayers.Control.Navigation = OpenLayers.Class(OpenLayers.Control, {
      * evt - {Event} 
      */
     defaultDblClick: function (evt) {
-        var newCenter = this.map.getLonLatFromViewPortPx( evt.xy ); 
-        this.map.setCenter(newCenter, this.map.zoom + 1);
+        this.map.zoomTo(this.map.zoom + 1, evt.xy);
     },
 
     /**
@@ -256,8 +255,7 @@ OpenLayers.Control.Navigation = OpenLayers.Class(OpenLayers.Control, {
      * evt - {Event} 
      */
     defaultDblRightClick: function (evt) {
-        var newCenter = this.map.getLonLatFromViewPortPx( evt.xy ); 
-        this.map.setCenter(newCenter, this.map.zoom - 1);
+        this.map.zoomTo(this.map.zoom - 1, evt.xy);
     },
     
     /**
@@ -271,22 +269,14 @@ OpenLayers.Control.Navigation = OpenLayers.Class(OpenLayers.Control, {
         if (!this.map.fractionalZoom) {
             deltaZ =  Math.round(deltaZ);
         }
-        var currentZoom = this.map.getZoom();
-        var newZoom = this.map.getZoom() + deltaZ;
+        var currentZoom = this.map.getZoom(),
+            newZoom = currentZoom + deltaZ;
         newZoom = Math.max(newZoom, 0);
         newZoom = Math.min(newZoom, this.map.getNumZoomLevels());
         if (newZoom === currentZoom) {
             return;
         }
-        var size    = this.map.getSize();
-        var deltaX  = size.w/2 - evt.xy.x;
-        var deltaY  = evt.xy.y - size.h/2;
-        var newRes  = this.map.baseLayer.getResolutionForZoom(newZoom);
-        var zoomPoint = this.map.getLonLatFromPixel(evt.xy);
-        var newCenter = new OpenLayers.LonLat(
-                            zoomPoint.lon + deltaX * newRes,
-                            zoomPoint.lat + deltaY * newRes );
-        this.map.setCenter( newCenter, newZoom );
+        this.map.zoomTo(newZoom, evt.xy);
     },
 
     /** 
diff --git a/lib/OpenLayers/Control/PinchZoom.js b/lib/OpenLayers/Control/PinchZoom.js
index c510834527..13c1104958 100644
--- a/lib/OpenLayers/Control/PinchZoom.js
+++ b/lib/OpenLayers/Control/PinchZoom.js
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
  * full text of the license. */
 
 /**
- * @requires OpenLayers/Util/vendorPrefix.js
  * @requires OpenLayers/Handler/Pinch.js
  */
 
@@ -105,27 +104,13 @@ OpenLayers.Control.PinchZoom = OpenLayers.Class(OpenLayers.Control, {
         var current = (this.preserveCenter) ?
             this.map.getPixelFromLonLat(this.map.getCenter()) : evt.xy;
 
-        var dx = Math.round((current.x - pinchOrigin.x) + (scale - 1) * (containerOrigin.x - pinchOrigin.x));
-        var dy = Math.round((current.y - pinchOrigin.y) + (scale - 1) * (containerOrigin.y - pinchOrigin.y));
+        var dx = Math.round((containerOrigin.x + current.x - pinchOrigin.x) + (scale - 1) * (containerOrigin.x - pinchOrigin.x));
+        var dy = Math.round((containerOrigin.y + current.y - pinchOrigin.y) + (scale - 1) * (containerOrigin.y - pinchOrigin.y));
 
-        this.applyTransform(
-            "translate(" + dx + "px, " + dy + "px) scale(" + scale + ")"
-        );
+        this.map.applyTransform(dx, dy, scale);
         this.currentCenter = current;
     },
-    
-    /**
-     * Method: applyTransform
-     * Applies the given transform to layers.
-     */
-    applyTransform: function(transform) {
-        var style = this.map.layerContainerDiv.style;
-        var transformProperty = OpenLayers.Util.vendorPrefix.style("transform");
-        if (transformProperty) {
-            style[transformProperty] = transform;
-        }
-    },
-    
+
     /**
      * Method: pinchDone
      *
@@ -137,7 +122,7 @@ OpenLayers.Control.PinchZoom = OpenLayers.Class(OpenLayers.Control, {
      *     of the pinch gesture. This give us the final scale of the pinch.
      */
     pinchDone: function(evt, start, last) {
-        this.applyTransform("");
+        this.map.applyTransform();
         var zoom = this.map.getZoomForResolution(this.map.getResolution() / last.scale, true);
         if (zoom !== this.map.getZoom() || !this.currentCenter.equals(this.pinchOrigin)) {
             var resolution = this.map.getResolutionForZoom(zoom);
diff --git a/lib/OpenLayers/Control/TouchNavigation.js b/lib/OpenLayers/Control/TouchNavigation.js
index c436694b1e..cd5f9264b7 100644
--- a/lib/OpenLayers/Control/TouchNavigation.js
+++ b/lib/OpenLayers/Control/TouchNavigation.js
@@ -175,8 +175,7 @@ OpenLayers.Control.TouchNavigation = OpenLayers.Class(OpenLayers.Control, {
      * evt - {Event}
      */
     defaultDblClick: function (evt) {
-        var newCenter = this.map.getLonLatFromViewPortPx(evt.xy);
-        this.map.setCenter(newCenter, this.map.zoom + 1);
+        this.map.zoomTo(this.map.zoom + 1, evt.xy);
     },
 
     CLASS_NAME: "OpenLayers.Control.TouchNavigation"
diff --git a/lib/OpenLayers/Control/ZoomBox.js b/lib/OpenLayers/Control/ZoomBox.js
index d3ec81adf9..217a90a434 100644
--- a/lib/OpenLayers/Control/ZoomBox.js
+++ b/lib/OpenLayers/Control/ZoomBox.js
@@ -69,7 +69,8 @@ OpenLayers.Control.ZoomBox = OpenLayers.Class(OpenLayers.Control, {
      */
     zoomBox: function (position) {
         if (position instanceof OpenLayers.Bounds) {
-            var bounds;
+            var bounds,
+                targetCenterPx = position.getCenterPixel();
             if (!this.out) {
                 var minXY = this.map.getLonLatFromPixel({
                     x: position.left,
@@ -87,8 +88,7 @@ OpenLayers.Control.ZoomBox = OpenLayers.Class(OpenLayers.Control, {
                 var zoomFactor = Math.min((this.map.size.h / pixHeight),
                     (this.map.size.w / pixWidth));
                 var extent = this.map.getExtent();
-                var center = this.map.getLonLatFromPixel(
-                    position.getCenterPixel());
+                var center = this.map.getLonLatFromPixel(targetCenterPx);
                 var xmin = center.lon - (extent.getWidth()/2)*zoomFactor;
                 var xmax = center.lon + (extent.getWidth()/2)*zoomFactor;
                 var ymin = center.lat - (extent.getHeight()/2)*zoomFactor;
@@ -96,18 +96,27 @@ OpenLayers.Control.ZoomBox = OpenLayers.Class(OpenLayers.Control, {
                 bounds = new OpenLayers.Bounds(xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax);
             }
             // always zoom in/out 
-            var lastZoom = this.map.getZoom(); 
-            this.map.zoomToExtent(bounds);
+            var lastZoom = this.map.getZoom(),
+                size = this.map.getSize(),
+                centerPx = {x: size.w / 2, y: size.h / 2},
+                zoom = this.map.getZoomForExtent(bounds),
+                oldRes = this.map.getResolution(),
+                newRes = this.map.getResolutionForZoom(zoom),
+                zoomOriginPx = {
+                    x: targetCenterPx.x +
+                        (targetCenterPx.x - centerPx.x) * newRes / oldRes,
+                    y: targetCenterPx.y +
+                        (targetCenterPx.y - centerPx.y) * newRes / oldRes
+                };
+            this.map.zoomTo(zoom, zoomOriginPx);
             if (lastZoom == this.map.getZoom() && this.alwaysZoom == true){ 
                 this.map.zoomTo(lastZoom + (this.out ? -1 : 1)); 
             }
         } else if (this.zoomOnClick) { // it's a pixel
             if (!this.out) {
-                this.map.setCenter(this.map.getLonLatFromPixel(position),
-                               this.map.getZoom() + 1);
+                this.map.zoomTo(this.map.getZoom() + 1, position);
             } else {
-                this.map.setCenter(this.map.getLonLatFromPixel(position),
-                               this.map.getZoom() - 1);
+                this.map.zoomTo(this.map.getZoom() - 1, position);
             }
         }
     },
diff --git a/lib/OpenLayers/Layer/Grid.js b/lib/OpenLayers/Layer/Grid.js
index 57a19f9c91..2e09885e94 100644
--- a/lib/OpenLayers/Layer/Grid.js
+++ b/lib/OpenLayers/Layer/Grid.js
@@ -650,7 +650,11 @@ OpenLayers.Layer.Grid = OpenLayers.Class(OpenLayers.Layer.HTTPRequest, {
             if(!backBuffer) {
                 return;
             }
-            this.div.insertBefore(backBuffer, this.div.firstChild);
+            if (resolution === this.gridResolution) {
+                this.div.insertBefore(backBuffer, this.div.firstChild);
+            } else {
+                this.map.layerContainerDiv.insertBefore(backBuffer, this.map.baseLayer.div);
+            }
             this.backBuffer = backBuffer;
 
             // set some information in the instance for subsequent
@@ -731,7 +735,9 @@ OpenLayers.Layer.Grid = OpenLayers.Class(OpenLayers.Layer.HTTPRequest, {
             delete this._transitionElement;
         }
         if(this.backBuffer) {
-            this.div.removeChild(this.backBuffer);
+            if (this.backBuffer.parentNode) {
+                this.backBuffer.parentNode.removeChild(this.backBuffer);
+            }
             this.backBuffer = null;
             this.backBufferResolution = null;
             if(this.backBufferTimerId !== null) {
diff --git a/lib/OpenLayers/Map.js b/lib/OpenLayers/Map.js
index c7aea333c9..e42a2b0aac 100644
--- a/lib/OpenLayers/Map.js
+++ b/lib/OpenLayers/Map.js
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 /**
  * @requires OpenLayers/BaseTypes/Class.js
  * @requires OpenLayers/Util.js
+ * @requires OpenLayers/Util/vendorPrefix.js
  * @requires OpenLayers/Events.js
  * @requires OpenLayers/Tween.js
  * @requires OpenLayers/Projection.js
@@ -395,12 +396,6 @@ OpenLayers.Map = OpenLayers.Class({
      */
     autoUpdateSize: true,
     
-    /**
-     * Property: panTween
-     * {<OpenLayers.Tween>} Animated panning tween object, see panTo()
-     */
-    panTween: null,
-
     /**
      * APIProperty: eventListeners
      * {Object} If set as an option at construction, the eventListeners
@@ -410,6 +405,12 @@ OpenLayers.Map = OpenLayers.Class({
      */
     eventListeners: null,
 
+    /**
+     * Property: panTween
+     * {<OpenLayers.Tween>} Animated panning tween object, see panTo()
+     */
+    panTween: null,
+
     /**
      * APIProperty: panMethod
      * {Function} The Easing function to be used for tweening.  Default is
@@ -427,6 +428,28 @@ OpenLayers.Map = OpenLayers.Class({
      */
     panDuration: 50,
     
+    /**
+     * Property: zoomTween
+     * {<OpenLayers.Tween>} Animated zooming tween object, see zoomTo()
+     */
+    zoomTween: null,
+
+    /**
+     * APIProperty: zoomMethod
+     * {Function} The Easing function to be used for tweening.  Default is
+     * OpenLayers.Easing.Quad.easeOut. Setting this to 'null' turns off
+     * animated zooming.
+     */
+    zoomMethod: OpenLayers.Easing.Quad.easeOut,
+    
+    /**
+     * Property: zoomDuration
+     * {Integer} The number of steps to be passed to the
+     * OpenLayers.Tween.start() method when the map is zoomed.
+     * Default is 20.
+     */
+    zoomDuration: 20,
+    
     /**
      * Property: paddingForPopups
      * {<OpenLayers.Bounds>} Outside margin of the popup. Used to prevent 
@@ -598,6 +621,7 @@ OpenLayers.Map = OpenLayers.Class({
         this.layerContainerDiv = OpenLayers.Util.createDiv(id);
         this.layerContainerDiv.style.zIndex=this.Z_INDEX_BASE['Popup']-1;
         this.layerContainerOriginPx = {x: 0, y: 0};
+        this.applyTransform();
         
         this.viewPortDiv.appendChild(this.layerContainerDiv);
 
@@ -693,6 +717,13 @@ OpenLayers.Map = OpenLayers.Class({
                 this.setCenter(options.center, options.zoom);
             }
         }
+
+        if (this.panMethod) {
+            this.panTween = new OpenLayers.Tween(this.panMethod);
+        }
+        if (this.zoomMethod && this.applyTransform.transform) {
+            this.zoomTween = new OpenLayers.Tween(this.zoomMethod);
+        }
     },
 
     /** 
@@ -761,6 +792,11 @@ OpenLayers.Map = OpenLayers.Class({
             this.panTween.stop();
             this.panTween = null;
         }
+        // make sure zooming doesn't continue after destruction
+        if(this.zoomTween) {
+            this.zoomTween.stop();
+            this.zoomTween = null;
+        }
 
         // map has been destroyed. dont do it again!
         OpenLayers.Event.stopObserving(window, 'unload', this.unloadDestroy);
@@ -1681,10 +1717,7 @@ OpenLayers.Map = OpenLayers.Class({
      * lonlat - {<OpenLayers.LonLat>}
      */
     panTo: function(lonlat) {
-        if (this.panMethod && this.getExtent().scale(this.panRatio).containsLonLat(lonlat)) {
-            if (!this.panTween) {
-                this.panTween = new OpenLayers.Tween(this.panMethod);
-            }
+        if (this.panTween && this.getExtent().scale(this.panRatio).containsLonLat(lonlat)) {
             var center = this.getCachedCenter();
 
             // center will not change, don't do nothing
@@ -1735,7 +1768,12 @@ OpenLayers.Map = OpenLayers.Class({
      * TBD: reconsider forceZoomChange in 3.0
      */
     setCenter: function(lonlat, zoom, dragging, forceZoomChange) {
-        this.panTween && this.panTween.stop();             
+        if (this.panTween) {
+            this.panTween.stop();
+        }
+        if (this.zoomTween) {
+            this.zoomTween.stop();
+        }            
         this.moveTo(lonlat, zoom, {
             'dragging': dragging,
             'forceZoomChange': forceZoomChange
@@ -1776,17 +1814,16 @@ OpenLayers.Map = OpenLayers.Class({
             }
             this.center = null;
             if (dx) {
-                this.layerContainerDiv.style.left =
-                    (this.layerContainerOriginPx.x -= dx) + "px";
+                this.layerContainerOriginPx.x -= dx;
                 this.minPx.x -= dx;
                 this.maxPx.x -= dx;
             }
             if (dy) {
-                this.layerContainerDiv.style.top =
-                    (this.layerContainerOriginPx.y -= dy) + "px";
+                this.layerContainerOriginPx.y -= dy;
                 this.minPx.y -= dy;
                 this.maxPx.y -= dy;
             }
+            this.applyTransform();
             var layer, i, len;
             for (i=0, len=this.layers.length; i<len; ++i) {
                 layer = this.layers[i];
@@ -1946,11 +1983,9 @@ OpenLayers.Map = OpenLayers.Class({
             // (re)set the layerContainerDiv's location
             if (zoomChanged || this.layerContainerOrigin == null) {
                 this.layerContainerOrigin = this.getCachedCenter();
-                var style = this.layerContainerDiv.style;
-                style.left = "0px";
-                style.top  = "0px";
                 this.layerContainerOriginPx.x = 0;
                 this.layerContainerOriginPx.y = 0;
+                this.applyTransform();
                 var maxExtent = this.getMaxExtent({restricted: true});
                 var maxExtentCenter = maxExtent.getCenterLonLat();
                 var lonDelta = this.center.lon - maxExtentCenter.lon;
@@ -2038,10 +2073,9 @@ OpenLayers.Map = OpenLayers.Class({
             var oldTop = this.layerContainerOriginPx.y;
             var newLeft = Math.round(originPx.x - newPx.x);
             var newTop = Math.round(originPx.y - newPx.y);
-            this.layerContainerDiv.style.left =
-                (this.layerContainerOriginPx.x = newLeft) + "px";
-            this.layerContainerDiv.style.top =
-                (this.layerContainerOriginPx.y = newTop) + "px";
+            this.applyTransform(
+                (this.layerContainerOriginPx.x = newLeft),
+                (this.layerContainerOriginPx.y = newTop));
             var dx = oldLeft - newLeft;
             var dy = oldTop - newTop;
             this.minPx.x -= dx;
@@ -2340,17 +2374,65 @@ OpenLayers.Map = OpenLayers.Class({
   
     /** 
      * APIMethod: zoomTo
-     * Zoom to a specific zoom level
+     * Zoom to a specific zoom level. Zooming will be animated unless the map
+     * is configured with {zoomMethod: null}. To zoom without animation, use
+     * <setCenter> without a lonlat argument.
      * 
      * Parameters:
      * zoom - {Integer}
      */
-    zoomTo: function(zoom) {
-        if (this.isValidZoomLevel(zoom)) {
-            this.setCenter(null, zoom);
+    zoomTo: function(zoom, xy) {
+        // non-API arguments:
+        // xy - {<OpenLayers.Pixel>} optional zoom origin
+        
+        var map = this;
+        if (map.isValidZoomLevel(zoom)) {
+            if (map.baseLayer.wrapDateLine) {
+                zoom = map.adjustZoom(zoom);
+            }
+            if (map.zoomTween) {
+                var currentRes = map.getResolution(),
+                    targetRes = map.getResolutionForZoom(zoom),
+                    start = {scale: 1},
+                    end = {scale: currentRes / targetRes};
+                if (map.zoomTween.playing && map.zoomTween.duration < 3 * map.zoomDuration) {
+                    // update the end scale, and reuse the running zoomTween
+                    map.zoomTween.finish = {
+                        scale: map.zoomTween.finish.scale * end.scale
+                    };
+                } else {
+                    if (!xy) {
+                        var size = map.getSize();
+                        xy = {x: size.w / 2, y: size.h / 2};
+                    }
+                    map.zoomTween.start(start, end, map.zoomDuration, {
+                        minFrameRate: 50, // don't spend much time zooming
+                        callbacks: {
+                            eachStep: function(data) {
+                                var containerOrigin = map.layerContainerOriginPx,
+                                    scale = data.scale,
+                                    dx = ((scale - 1) * (containerOrigin.x - xy.x)) | 0,
+                                    dy = ((scale - 1) * (containerOrigin.y - xy.y)) | 0;
+                                map.applyTransform(containerOrigin.x + dx, containerOrigin.y + dy, scale);
+                            },
+                            done: function(data) {
+                                map.applyTransform();
+                                var resolution = map.getResolution() / data.scale,
+                                    zoom = map.getZoomForResolution(resolution, true)
+                                map.moveTo(map.getZoomTargetCenter(xy, resolution), zoom, true);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    });
+                }
+            } else {
+                var center = xy ?
+                    map.getZoomTargetCenter(xy, map.getResolutionForZoom(zoom)) :
+                    null;
+                map.setCenter(center, zoom);
+            }
         }
     },
-    
+        
     /**
      * APIMethod: zoomIn
      * 
@@ -2508,7 +2590,32 @@ OpenLayers.Map = OpenLayers.Class({
         return px;
     },
 
-    
+    /**
+     * Method: getZoomTargetCenter
+     *
+     * Parameters:
+     * xy - {<OpenLayers.Pixel>} The zoom origin pixel location on the screen
+     * resolution - {Float} The resolution we want to get the center for
+     *
+     * Returns:
+     * {<OpenLayers.LonLat>} The location of the map center after the
+     *     transformation described by the origin xy and the target resolution.
+     */
+    getZoomTargetCenter: function (xy, resolution) {
+        var lonlat = null,
+            size = this.getSize(),
+            deltaX  = size.w/2 - xy.x,
+            deltaY  = xy.y - size.h/2,
+            zoomPoint = this.getLonLatFromPixel(xy);
+        if (zoomPoint) {
+            lonlat = new OpenLayers.LonLat(
+                zoomPoint.lon + deltaX * resolution,
+                zoomPoint.lat + deltaY * resolution
+            );
+        }
+        return lonlat;
+    },
+        
   //
   // CONVENIENCE TRANSLATION FUNCTIONS FOR API
   //
@@ -2668,6 +2775,76 @@ OpenLayers.Map = OpenLayers.Class({
        return this.getLayerPxFromViewPortPx(px);         
     },
 
+    /**
+     * Method: applyTransform
+     * Applies the given transform to the <layerContainerDiv>. This method has
+     * a 2-stage fallback from translate3d/scale3d via translate/scale to plain
+     * style.left/style.top, in which case no scaling is supported.
+     *
+     * Parameters:
+     * x - {Number} x parameter for the translation. Defaults to the x value of
+     *     the map's <layerContainerOriginPx>
+     * y - {Number} y parameter for the translation. Defaults to the y value of
+     *     the map's <layerContainerOriginPx>
+     * scale - {Number} scale. Defaults to 1 if not provided.
+     */
+     applyTransform: function(x, y, scale) {
+         scale = scale || 1;
+         var origin = this.layerContainerOriginPx,
+             needTransform = scale !== 1;
+         x = x || origin.x;
+         y = y || origin.y;
+            
+         var style = this.layerContainerDiv.style,
+             transform = this.applyTransform.transform,
+             template = this.applyTransform.template;
+        
+         if (transform === undefined) {
+             transform = OpenLayers.Util.vendorPrefix.style('transform');
+             this.applyTransform.transform = transform;
+             if (transform) {
+                 // Try translate3d, but only if the viewPortDiv has a transform
+                 // defined in a stylesheet
+                 var computedStyle = OpenLayers.Element.getStyle(this.viewPortDiv,
+                     OpenLayers.Util.vendorPrefix.css('transform'));
+                 if (!computedStyle || computedStyle !== 'none') {
+                     template = ['translate3d(', ',0) ', 'scale3d(', ',1)'];
+                     style[transform] = [template[0], '0,0', template[1]].join('');
+                 }
+                 // If no transform is defined in the stylesheet or translate3d
+                 // does not stick, use translate and scale
+                 if (!template || !~style[transform].indexOf(template[0])) {
+                     template = ['translate(', ') ', 'scale(', ')'];
+                 }
+                 this.applyTransform.template = template;
+             }
+         }
+         
+         // If we do 3d transforms, we always want to use them. If we do 2d
+         // transforms, we only use them when we need to.
+         if (transform !== null && (template[0] === 'translate3d(' || needTransform === true)) {
+             // Our 2d transforms are combined with style.left and style.top, so
+             // adjust x and y values and set the origin as left and top
+             if (needTransform === true && template[0] === 'translate(') {
+                 x -= origin.x;
+                 y -= origin.y;
+                 style.left = origin.x + 'px';
+                 style.top = origin.y + 'px';
+             }
+             style[transform] = [
+                 template[0], x, 'px,', y, 'px', template[1],
+                 template[2], scale, ',', scale, template[3]
+             ].join('');
+         } else {
+             style.left = x + 'px';
+             style.top = y + 'px';
+             // We previously might have had needTransform, so remove transform
+             if (transform !== null) {
+                 style[transform] = '';
+             }
+         }
+     },
+    
     CLASS_NAME: "OpenLayers.Map"
 });
 
diff --git a/tests/Control/Navigation.html b/tests/Control/Navigation.html
index 70428f5a7b..e73ee42d14 100644
--- a/tests/Control/Navigation.html
+++ b/tests/Control/Navigation.html
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@
         var nav = new OpenLayers.Control.Navigation({zoomWheelEnabled: false});
         var map = new OpenLayers.Map({
             div: "map",
+            zoomMethod: null,
             controls: [nav],
             layers: [
                 new OpenLayers.Layer(null, {isBaseLayer: true})
diff --git a/tests/Control/NavigationHistory.html b/tests/Control/NavigationHistory.html
index b766b0e5ae..c992ff2b7a 100644
--- a/tests/Control/NavigationHistory.html
+++ b/tests/Control/NavigationHistory.html
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
 
     function test_clear(t) {
         t.plan(7);
-        var map = new OpenLayers.Map("map");
+        var map = new OpenLayers.Map("map", {zoomMethod: null});
         var layer = new OpenLayers.Layer(
             "test", {isBaseLayer: true}
         );
diff --git a/tests/Control/PanZoomBar.html b/tests/Control/PanZoomBar.html
index b14ec2adba..28327768f5 100644
--- a/tests/Control/PanZoomBar.html
+++ b/tests/Control/PanZoomBar.html
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
 
     function test_Control_PanZoomBar_onButtonClick (t) {
         t.plan(2);
-        map = new OpenLayers.Map('map', {controls:[]});
+        map = new OpenLayers.Map('map', {controls:[], zoomMethod: null});
         var layer = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS("Test Layer",
             "http://octo.metacarta.com/cgi-bin/mapserv?",
             {map: "/mapdata/vmap_wms.map", layers: "basic"});
@@ -97,7 +97,8 @@
         t.plan(1);
         map = new OpenLayers.Map('map', {
             controls: [],
-            fractionalZoom: true
+            fractionalZoom: true,
+            zoomMethod: null
         });
         var layer = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS("Test Layer", "http://octo.metacarta.com/cgi-bin/mapserv?", {
             map: "/mapdata/vmap_wms.map",
@@ -127,7 +128,8 @@
         
         var map = new OpenLayers.Map('map', {
             controls: [],
-            fractionalZoom: true
+            fractionalZoom: true,
+            zoomMethod: null,
         });
         var layer = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS("Test Layer", "http://octo.metacarta.com/cgi-bin/mapserv?", {
             map: "/mapdata/vmap_wms.map",
diff --git a/tests/Control/PinchZoom.html b/tests/Control/PinchZoom.html
index 1aa68f9c04..3fc5ba6851 100644
--- a/tests/Control/PinchZoom.html
+++ b/tests/Control/PinchZoom.html
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@
         });
         
         var log = [];
-        control.applyTransform = function(transform) {
-            log.push(transform);
+        map.applyTransform = function(x, y, scale) {
+            log.push([x, y, scale]);
         }
         
         map.layerContainerOriginPx = {
@@ -58,12 +58,12 @@
         };
 
         var cases = [
-            {x: 100, y: 60, scale: 1, transform: "translate(0px, 10px) scale(1)"},
-            {x: 150, y: 60, scale: 1, transform: "translate(50px, 10px) scale(1)"},
-            {x: 150, y: 60, scale: 2, transform: "translate(-100px, -90px) scale(2)"},
-            {x: 50, y: 20, scale: 2.5, transform: "translate(-275px, -180px) scale(2.5)"},
-            {x: 150, y: 60, scale: 2, transform: "translate(-100px, -90px) scale(2)"},
-            {x: 50, y: 20, scale: 0.25, transform: "translate(63px, 45px) scale(0.25)"}
+            {x: 100, y: 60, scale: 1, transform: [-50, -40, 1]},
+            {x: 150, y: 60, scale: 1, transform: [0, -40, 1]},
+            {x: 150, y: 60, scale: 2, transform: [-150, -140, 2]},
+            {x: 50, y: 20, scale: 2.5, transform: [-325, -230, 2.5]},
+            {x: 150, y: 60, scale: 2, transform: [-150, -140, 2]},
+            {x: 50, y: 20, scale: 0.25, transform: [13, -5, 0.25]}
         ];
         
         var len = cases.length;
diff --git a/tests/Control/Scale.html b/tests/Control/Scale.html
index 804ceb5622..1d43b25e08 100644
--- a/tests/Control/Scale.html
+++ b/tests/Control/Scale.html
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
     
         control = new OpenLayers.Control.Scale('scale');
         t.ok( control instanceof OpenLayers.Control.Scale, "new OpenLayers.Control returns object" );
-        map = new OpenLayers.Map('map');
+        map = new OpenLayers.Map('map', {zoomMethod: null});
         layer = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS('Test Layer', "http://octo.metacarta.com/cgi-bin/mapserv", {map: '/mapdata/vmap_wms.map', layers: 'basic', format: 'image/jpeg'});
         map.addLayer(layer);
         map.zoomTo(0);
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
         t.plan(2);
         control = new OpenLayers.Control.Scale();
         t.ok( control instanceof OpenLayers.Control.Scale, "new OpenLayers.Control returns object" );
-        map = new OpenLayers.Map('map');
+        map = new OpenLayers.Map('map', {zoomMethod: null});
         layer = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS('Test Layer', "http://octo.metacarta.com/cgi-bin/mapserv", {map: '/mapdata/vmap_wms.map', layers: 'basic', format: 'image/jpeg'});
         map.addLayer(layer);
         map.zoomTo(0);
diff --git a/tests/Control/Zoom.html b/tests/Control/Zoom.html
index c27161dab8..cfeb082cc4 100644
--- a/tests/Control/Zoom.html
+++ b/tests/Control/Zoom.html
@@ -43,7 +43,8 @@
         
         var map = new OpenLayers.Map({
             div: "map",
-            layers: [new OpenLayers.Layer(null, {isBaseLayer: true})]
+            layers: [new OpenLayers.Layer(null, {isBaseLayer: true})],
+            zoomMethod: null
         });
         var control = new OpenLayers.Control.Zoom();
         map.addControl(control);
@@ -60,7 +61,8 @@
         
         var map = new OpenLayers.Map({
             div: "map",
-            layers: [new OpenLayers.Layer(null, {isBaseLayer: true})]
+            layers: [new OpenLayers.Layer(null, {isBaseLayer: true})],
+            zoomMethod: null
         });
         var control = new OpenLayers.Control.Zoom();
         map.addControl(control);
diff --git a/tests/Layer/Grid.html b/tests/Layer/Grid.html
index 4296aba64a..68c65ecfbe 100644
--- a/tests/Layer/Grid.html
+++ b/tests/Layer/Grid.html
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 
     function test_constructor (t) {
-        t.plan( 8 );
+        t.plan( 7 );
                        
         layer = new OpenLayers.Layer.Grid(name, url, params, null);
         t.ok( layer instanceof OpenLayers.Layer.Grid, "returns OpenLayers.Layer.Grid object" );
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@
         t.eq( layer.numLoadingTiles, 0, "numLoadingTiles starts at 0");
         t.ok( layer.tileClass === OpenLayers.Tile.Image, "tileClass default is OpenLayers.Tile.Image");
         t.eq( layer.className, 'olLayerGrid', "className default is olLayerGrid");
-        t.eq( layer.removeBackBufferDelay, 2500, "removeBackBufferDelay default is 2500");
 
         var obj = {};
         var func = function() {};
@@ -627,7 +626,7 @@
     }
     function test_Layer_Grid_getTileBounds(t) {
         t.plan(2);
-        var map = new OpenLayers.Map("map2");
+        var map = new OpenLayers.Map("map2", {zoomMethod: null});
         var url = "http://octo.metacarta.com/cgi-bin/mapserv";
         layer = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS(name, url, params);
         
@@ -824,7 +823,8 @@
         t.plan(11);
 
         var map = new OpenLayers.Map('map', {
-            resolutions: [32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1]
+            resolutions: [32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1],
+            zoomMethod: null
         });
         var layer = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS('', '', {}, {
             isBaseLayer: true,
@@ -885,7 +885,8 @@
         t.plan(4);
 
         var map = new OpenLayers.Map('map', {
-            resolutions: [1, 0.5, 0.025]
+            resolutions: [1, 0.5, 0.025],
+            zoomMethod: null
         });
         var resolution;
         var layer = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS('', '', {}, {
@@ -929,7 +930,8 @@
         t.plan(4);
 
         var map = new OpenLayers.Map('map', {
-            resolutions: [1, 0.5, 0.025]
+            resolutions: [1, 0.5, 0.025],
+            zoomMethod: null
         });
         var resolution;
         var layer = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS('', '', {}, {
@@ -998,7 +1000,7 @@
         layer.applyBackBuffer(2);
         t.ok(layer.backBuffer === backBuffer,
              'back buffer set in layer');
-        t.ok(layer.div.firstChild === backBuffer,
+        t.ok(map.layerContainerDiv.firstChild === backBuffer,
              'back buffer inserted as first child');
         t.eq(layer.backBuffer.style.left, '250px',
              'back buffer has correct left');
@@ -1018,32 +1020,32 @@
         layer.applyBackBuffer(2);
         t.ok(layer.backBuffer === backBuffer,
              'back buffer set in layer');
-        t.ok(layer.div.firstChild === backBuffer,
+        t.ok(map.layerContainerDiv.firstChild === backBuffer,
              'back buffer inserted as first child');
         t.eq(layer.backBuffer.style.left, '230px',
              'back buffer has correct left');
         t.eq(layer.backBuffer.style.top, '295px',
              'back buffer has correct top');
 
-        // test #4
-        // and a back buffer in the layer and do as if back buffer removal
-        // has been scheduled, and test that applyBackBuffer removes the
-        // back buffer and clears the timer
-        layer.createBackBuffer = function() {
-            return;
-        };
-        backBuffer = document.createElement('div');
-        layer.div.insertBefore(backBuffer, layer.div.firstChild);
-        layer.backBuffer = backBuffer;
-        layer.backBufferTimerId = 'fake';
-        layer.applyBackBuffer(2);
-        t.ok(backBuffer.parentNode !== layer.div,
-             'back buffer is not child node of layer div');
-        t.eq(layer.backBuffer, null,
-             'back buffer not set in layer');
-        t.eq(layer.backBufferTimerId, null,
-             'back buffer timer cleared');
-        map.destroy();
+         // test #4
+         // and a back buffer in the layer and do as if back buffer removal
+         // has been scheduled, and test that applyBackBuffer removes the
+         // back buffer and clears the timer
+         layer.createBackBuffer = function() {
+             return;
+         };
+         backBuffer = document.createElement('div');
+         map.layerContainerDiv.insertBefore(backBuffer, map.baseLayer.div);
+         layer.backBuffer = backBuffer;
+         layer.backBufferTimerId = 'fake';
+         layer.applyBackBuffer(2);
+         t.ok(backBuffer !== map.layerContainerDiv.firstChild,
+              'back buffer is not first child of layer container div');
+         t.eq(layer.backBuffer, null,
+              'back buffer not set in layer');
+         t.eq(layer.backBufferTimerId, null,
+              'back buffer timer cleared');
+         map.destroy();
     }
 
     function test_createBackBuffer(t) {
@@ -1095,7 +1097,7 @@
     }
 
     function test_removeBackBuffer(t) {
-        t.plan(4);
+        t.plan(3);
 
         var map = new OpenLayers.Map('map');
         var layer = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS('', '', {}, {isBaseLayer: true});
@@ -1107,17 +1109,12 @@
         layer.div.appendChild(backBuffer);
         layer.backBufferResolution = 32;
 
-        // add a fake back buffer removal timer
-        layer.backBufferTimerId = 'fake';
-
         layer.removeBackBuffer();
         t.eq(layer.backBuffer, null, 'backBuffer set to null in layer');
         t.eq(layer.backBufferResolution, null,
              'backBufferResolution set to null in layer');
         t.ok(backBuffer.parentNode !== layer.div,
              'back buffer removed from layer');
-        t.eq(layer.backBufferTimerId, null,
-             'backBufferTimerId set to null in layer');
 
         map.destroy();
     }
@@ -1181,7 +1178,7 @@
 
         t.plan(4);
 
-        var map = new OpenLayers.Map('map');
+        var map = new OpenLayers.Map('map', {zoomMethod: null});
         var layer = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS('', '', {}, {
             isBaseLayer: true,
             singleTile: true,
@@ -1212,7 +1209,8 @@
         //
 
         var map = new OpenLayers.Map('map', {
-            resolutions: [32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1]
+            resolutions: [32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1],
+            zoomMethod: null
         });
         var layer = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS(
             "WMS",
@@ -1308,6 +1306,7 @@
         OpenLayers.Tile.Image.prototype.createBackBuffer = origCreateBackBuffer
     }
 
+
     function test_delayed_back_buffer_removal(t) {
         //
         // Test that the delaying of the back buffer removal behaves
@@ -1319,7 +1318,8 @@
         // set up
         
         var map = new OpenLayers.Map('map', {
-            resolutions: [32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1]
+            resolutions: [32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1],
+            zoomMethod: null
         });
         var layer = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS('', '', {}, {
             isBaseLayer: true,
@@ -1330,11 +1330,12 @@
 
         map.zoomTo(1);
 
+        t.ok(layer.backBuffer === map.layerContainerDiv.firstChild,
+             '[a] back buffer is first child of layer container div');
+
         // Mark one tile loaded, to see if back buffer removal gets scheduled.
         layer.grid[1][1].onImageLoad();
 
-        t.ok(layer.backBuffer.parentNode === layer.div,
-             '[a] back buffer is a child of layer div');
         t.ok(layer.backBufferTimerId !== null,
              '[a] back buffer scheduled for removal');
 
@@ -1344,8 +1345,8 @@
 
         t.ok(layer.backBuffer !== backBuffer,
              '[b] a new back buffer was created');
-        t.ok(layer.backBuffer.parentNode === layer.div,
-             '[b] back buffer is a child of layer div');
+        t.ok(layer.backBuffer === map.layerContainerDiv.firstChild,
+             '[b] back buffer is first child of layer container div');
         t.ok(layer.backBufferTimerId === null,
              '[b] back buffer no longer scheduled for removal');
 
@@ -1353,7 +1354,7 @@
 
         map.destroy();
     }
-    
+
     function test_getGridData(t) {
         t.plan(12);
         
diff --git a/tests/Layer/KaMap.html b/tests/Layer/KaMap.html
index c6b5ba773c..a41e4ebd0b 100644
--- a/tests/Layer/KaMap.html
+++ b/tests/Layer/KaMap.html
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@
     }
     function test_Layer_KaMap_getTileBounds(t) {
         t.plan(2);
-        var map = new OpenLayers.Map("map");
+        var map = new OpenLayers.Map("map", {zoomMethod: null});
         var url = "http://octo.metacarta.com/cgi-bin/mapserv";
         layer = new OpenLayers.Layer.KaMap(name, url, params);
         
diff --git a/tests/Layer/Markers.html b/tests/Layer/Markers.html
index 2db3052e60..07f699fedc 100644
--- a/tests/Layer/Markers.html
+++ b/tests/Layer/Markers.html
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
         
         t.plan(6);
         
-        var map = new OpenLayers.Map("map");
+        var map = new OpenLayers.Map("map", {zoomMethod: null});
         var layer = new OpenLayers.Layer.Markers("Base", {isBaseLayer: true});
         map.addLayer(layer);
         map.setCenter(new OpenLayers.LonLat(0, 0), 1);
diff --git a/tests/Layer/PointGrid.html b/tests/Layer/PointGrid.html
index 22d85c7dea..6fb6ae2012 100644
--- a/tests/Layer/PointGrid.html
+++ b/tests/Layer/PointGrid.html
@@ -211,7 +211,8 @@
             div: "map",
             layers: [layer],
             center: new OpenLayers.LonLat(0, 0),
-            zoom: 1
+            zoom: 1,
+            zoomMethod: null
         });
         
         t.eq(layer.features.length, 50, "50 features at zoom 1");
diff --git a/tests/Layer/WMTS.html b/tests/Layer/WMTS.html
index e8d7a235f1..c6dcd4cfc0 100644
--- a/tests/Layer/WMTS.html
+++ b/tests/Layer/WMTS.html
@@ -245,7 +245,8 @@
                     layers: [layer],
                     projection: "EPSG:4326",                                    
                     maxResolution: 0.3515625,
-                    maxExtent: new OpenLayers.Bounds(-180, -90, 180, 90)
+                    maxExtent: new OpenLayers.Bounds(-180, -90, 180, 90),
+                    zoomMethod: null
                 });
                 map.setCenter(new OpenLayers.LonLat(-97.0, 38.0), 1);
                 t.eq(layer.getURL(new OpenLayers.Bounds(-135.0, 0.0, -90.0, 45.0)), 
diff --git a/tests/Map.html b/tests/Map.html
index b072585a2b..0de10e7a56 100644
--- a/tests/Map.html
+++ b/tests/Map.html
@@ -216,6 +216,7 @@
         t.plan(14);
         var log = [];
         map = new OpenLayers.Map('map', {
+            zoomMethod: null,
             eventListeners: {
                 "movestart": function() {log.push("movestart");},
                 "move": function() {log.push("move");},
@@ -268,7 +269,7 @@
     function test_Map_zoomend_event (t) {
         t.plan(2);
 
-        map = new OpenLayers.Map('map');
+        map = new OpenLayers.Map('map', {zoomMethod: null});
         var baseLayer = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS("Test Layer", 
             "http://octo.metacarta.com/cgi-bin/mapserv?",
             {map: "/mapdata/vmap_wms.map", layers: "basic"});
@@ -928,8 +929,13 @@
         map.setBaseLayer(tmsLayer);
         map.zoomIn();
         map.pan(0, -200, {animate:false});
+        var log = [];
+        map.applyTransform = function(x, y, scale) {
+            log.push([x || map.layerContainerOriginPx.x, y || map.layerContainerOriginPx.y, scale]);
+            OpenLayers.Map.prototype.applyTransform.apply(this, arguments);
+        };
         map.setBaseLayer(wmsLayer);
-        t.eq(map.layerContainerDiv.style.top, "0px", "layerContainer is recentered after setBaseLayer");
+        t.eq(log[0][0], 0, "layerContainer is recentered after setBaseLayer");
         
         map.destroy();
     }
@@ -1287,7 +1293,8 @@
 
         extent = new OpenLayers.Bounds(8, 44.5, 19, 50);
         var options = {
-            restrictedExtent: extent
+            restrictedExtent: extent,
+            zoomMethod: null
         };
         map = new OpenLayers.Map('map', options);
 
@@ -1325,7 +1332,7 @@
     function test_zoomTo(t) {
         t.plan(8);
         
-        var map = new OpenLayers.Map("map");
+        var map = new OpenLayers.Map("map", {zoomMethod: null});
         map.addLayer(new OpenLayers.Layer(null, {
             isBaseLayer: true
         }));
@@ -1362,6 +1369,38 @@
         map.destroy();
     }
     
+    function test_zoomTo_animated(t) {
+        t.plan(2);
+        
+        var map = new OpenLayers.Map("map");
+        map.addLayer(new OpenLayers.Layer(null, {
+            isBaseLayer: true
+        }));
+        
+        map.zoomToMaxExtent();
+        
+        map.zoomTo(2);
+        map.zoomIn();
+        map.zoomOut();
+        map.zoomIn();
+        t.delay_call(2, function() {
+            t.eq(map.getZoom(), 3, '[fractionalZoom: false] zoomTo(2) - zoomIn() - zoomOut() - zoomIn()');
+
+            // now allow fractional zoom
+            map.fractionalZoom = true;
+
+            map.zoomTo(2.6);
+            map.zoomIn();
+            map.zoomOut();
+            map.zoomIn();
+        });
+        t.delay_call(4, function() {
+            t.eq(map.getZoom(), 3.6, '[fractionalZoom: true] zoomTo(2) - zoomIn() - zoomOut() - zoomIn()');
+            map.destroy();
+        });
+        
+    }
+    
     function test_Map_getUnits(t) {
         t.plan(2);
         var map = new OpenLayers.Map("map");
@@ -1959,7 +1998,7 @@
     }    
 
     function test_moveByPx(t) {
-        t.plan(16);
+        t.plan(14);
 
         var moved;
         var Layer = OpenLayers.Class(OpenLayers.Layer, {
@@ -1979,14 +2018,19 @@
                     {isBaseLayer: false, minResolution:2})
             ]
         });
+        var log = [];
+        map.applyTransform = function(x, y, scale) {
+            log.push([x || map.layerContainerOriginPx.x, y || map.layerContainerOriginPx.y, scale]);
+            OpenLayers.Map.prototype.applyTransform.apply(this, arguments);
+        };
 
         moved = {};
         map.zoomToExtent(new OpenLayers.Bounds(-1, -1, 1, 1));
 
         // check initial state
-        t.eq(map.layerContainerDiv.style.left, '0px',
+        t.eq(log[0][0], 0,
              '[initial state] layer container left correct');
-        t.eq(map.layerContainerDiv.style.top, '0px',
+        t.eq(log[0][1], 0,
              '[initial state] layer container top correct');
         t.eq(moved['base'], undefined,
              '[initial state] base layer not moved');
@@ -1996,9 +2040,9 @@
         // move to a valid position
         moved = {};
         map.moveByPx(-455, 455);
-        t.eq(map.layerContainerDiv.style.left, '455px',
+        t.eq(log[1][0], 455,
              '[valid position] layer container left correct');
-        t.eq(map.layerContainerDiv.style.top, '-455px',
+        t.eq(log[1][1], -455,
              '[valid position] layer container top correct');
         t.eq(moved['base'], true,
              '[valid position] base layer moved');
@@ -2008,10 +2052,8 @@
         // move outside the max extent
         moved = {};
         map.moveByPx(-4500, 4500);
-        t.eq(map.layerContainerDiv.style.left, '455px',
-             '[outside max extent] layer container left correct');
-        t.eq(map.layerContainerDiv.style.top, '-455px',
-             '[outside max extent] layer container top correct');
+        t.eq(log.length, 2,
+             '[outside max extent] layer container offset unchanged');
         t.eq(moved['base'], undefined,
              '[outside max extent] base layer not moved');
         t.eq(moved['outofrange'], undefined,
@@ -2020,10 +2062,8 @@
         // move outside the restricted extent
         moved = {};
         map.moveByPx(-500, 500);
-        t.eq(map.layerContainerDiv.style.left, '455px',
-             '[outside restricted extent] layer container left correct');
-        t.eq(map.layerContainerDiv.style.top, '-455px',
-             '[outside restricted extent] layer container top correct');
+        t.eq(log.length, 2,
+             '[outside restricted extent] layer container offset unchanged');
         t.eq(moved['base'], undefined,
              '[outside restricted extent] base layer not moved');
         t.eq(moved['outofrange'], undefined,
@@ -2047,9 +2087,57 @@
 
         map.zoomToExtent(new OpenLayers.Bounds(-11.25, 0, 11.25, 11.25));
 
+        var log = [];
+        map.applyTransform = function(x, y, scale) {
+            log.push([x || map.layerContainerOriginPx.x, y || map.layerContainerOriginPx.y, scale]);
+            OpenLayers.Map.prototype.applyTransform.apply(this, arguments);
+        };
+
         map.moveByPx(-10, -10);
-        t.eq(map.layerContainerDiv.style.left, '10px', 'layer container left correct');
-        t.eq(map.layerContainerDiv.style.top, '0px', 'layer container top correct');
+        t.eq(log[0][0], 10, 'layer container left correct');
+        t.eq(log[0][1], 0, 'layer container top correct');
+    }
+    
+    function test_applyTransform(t) {
+        t.plan(10);
+        var origStylePrefix = OpenLayers.Util.vendorPrefix.style;
+        OpenLayers.Util.vendorPrefix.style = function(key) { return 'transform'; };
+        
+        var map = new OpenLayers.Map('map');
+        map.layerContainerDiv = {style: {}};
+        delete map.applyTransform.transform;
+        delete map.applyTransform.template;
+        var origGetStyle = OpenLayers.Element.getStyle;
+        OpenLayers.Element.getStyle = function() { return 'foo'; }
+        map.applyTransform(1, 2, 3);
+        OpenLayers.Element.getStyle = origGetStyle;
+        t.eq(map.layerContainerDiv.style.transform, 'translate3d(1px,2px,0) scale3d(3,3,1)', '3d transform and scale used when available');
+        
+        delete map.applyTransform.transform;
+        delete map.applyTransform.template;
+        var origIndexOf = String.prototype.indexOf;
+        String.prototype.indexOf = function() { return -1; };
+        map.layerContainerOriginPx = {x: -3, y: 2};
+        map.applyTransform(1, 2, 3);
+        String.prototype.indexOf = origIndexOf;
+        t.eq(map.layerContainerDiv.style.transform, 'translate(4px,0px) scale(3,3)', '2d translate and scale correct');
+        t.eq(map.layerContainerDiv.style.left, '-3px', 'container origin x set as style.left');
+        t.eq(map.layerContainerDiv.style.top, '2px', 'container origin y set as style.top');
+        map.applyTransform(1, 2);
+        t.ok(!map.layerContainerDiv.style.transform, 'no transform set when no transform needed');
+        t.eq(map.layerContainerDiv.style.left, '1px', 'style.left correct when no transform needed');
+        t.eq(map.layerContainerDiv.style.top, '2px', 'style.top correct when no transform needed');
+        
+        map.applyTransform.transform = null;
+        map.applyTransform(4, 5, 6);
+        t.eq(map.layerContainerDiv.style.left, '4px', 'style.left set when transform not available')
+        t.eq(map.layerContainerDiv.style.top, '5px', 'style.top set when transform not available')
+        t.ok(!map.layerContainerDiv.style.transform, 'no transform set, because not supported');
+
+        map.destroy();
+        delete map.applyTransform.transform;
+        delete map.applyTransform.template;
+        OpenLayers.Util.vendorPrefix.style = origStylePrefix;
     }
 
     function test_options(t) {
@@ -2112,6 +2200,24 @@
         var center  = map.getCenter();
         t.ok(center.equals(new OpenLayers.LonLat(-13.25, 56)), "Center is correct and not equal to maxExtent's center");
     }
+    
+    function test_getZoomTargetCenter(t) {
+        t.plan(1);
+        var map = new OpenLayers.Map({
+            div: 'map',
+            layers: [
+                new OpenLayers.Layer('', {isBaseLayer: true})
+            ],
+            center: [0, 0],
+            zoom: 1
+        });
+        
+        var ll = map.getZoomTargetCenter({x: 44, y: 22}, map.getMaxResolution());
+
+        t.eq(ll.toShortString(), "180, -90", "getZoomTargetCenter works.");
+        
+        map.destroy();
+    }
 
     function test_autoUpdateSize(t) {
         t.plan(1);
diff --git a/tests/Strategy/BBOX.html b/tests/Strategy/BBOX.html
index d45e8df068..6e409e6daf 100644
--- a/tests/Strategy/BBOX.html
+++ b/tests/Strategy/BBOX.html
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
         });
 
         // create a map with the layers and a center
-        var map = new OpenLayers.Map("map");
+        var map = new OpenLayers.Map("map", {zoomMethod: null});
         map.addLayers([dummy, layer]);
         map.zoomToMaxExtent();
         
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@
     function test_resFactor(t) {
         t.plan(2);
         
-        var map = new OpenLayers.Map("map");
+        var map = new OpenLayers.Map("map", {zoomMethod: null});
         var bbox = new OpenLayers.Strategy.BBOX();
         var fakeProtocol = new OpenLayers.Protocol({
             'read': function() { 
diff --git a/tests/Strategy/Cluster.html b/tests/Strategy/Cluster.html
index 05130bbfb7..d5f7a9b285 100644
--- a/tests/Strategy/Cluster.html
+++ b/tests/Strategy/Cluster.html
@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@
         });
         var map = new OpenLayers.Map('map', {
             resolutions: [4, 2, 1],
-            maxExtent: new OpenLayers.Bounds(-40, -40, 40, 40)
+            maxExtent: new OpenLayers.Bounds(-40, -40, 40, 40),
+            zoomMethod: null,
         });
         map.addLayer(layer);
         
diff --git a/theme/default/style.css b/theme/default/style.css
index a3b75ba519..398df4bff9 100644
--- a/theme/default/style.css
+++ b/theme/default/style.css
@@ -487,6 +487,23 @@ a.olControlZoomOut {
     transition: opacity 0.2s linear;
 }
 
+/* Turn on GPU support where available */
+.olTileImage {
+    -webkit-transform: translateZ(0);
+    -moz-transform: translateZ(0);
+    -o-transform: translateZ(0);
+    -ms-transform: translateZ(0);
+    transform: translateZ(0);
+    -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;
+    -moz-backface-visibility: hidden;
+    -ms-backface-visibility: hidden;
+    backface-visibility: hidden;
+    -webkit-perspective: 1000;
+    -moz-perspective: 1000;
+    -ms-perspective: 1000;
+    perspective: 1000;
+}
+
 /* when replacing tiles, do not show tile and backbuffer at the same time */
 .olTileImage.olTileReplacing {
     display: none;
diff --git a/theme/default/style.mobile.css b/theme/default/style.mobile.css
index 2d4d39257a..fadff9e416 100644
--- a/theme/default/style.mobile.css
+++ b/theme/default/style.mobile.css
@@ -49,15 +49,19 @@ div.olControlZoom a:hover {
     -o-transition: opacity 0.2s linear;
     transition: opacity 0.2s linear;
 }
-/* Enable 3d acceleration when operating on tiles, this is
-   known to yield better performance on IOS Safari.
-   http://osgeo-org.1803224.n2.nabble.com/Harware-accelerated-CSS3-animations-for-iOS-td6255560.html
-
-   It also prevents tile blinking effects in iOS 5.
-   See https://github.com/openlayers/openlayers/issues/511
-*/
-@media (-webkit-transform-3d) {
-img.olTileImage {
-    -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
-}
+/* Turn on GPU support where available */
+.olTileImage {
+    -webkit-transform: translateZ(0);
+    -moz-transform: translateZ(0);
+    -o-transform: translateZ(0);
+    -ms-transform: translateZ(0);
+    transform: translateZ(0);
+    -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;
+    -moz-backface-visibility: hidden;
+    -ms-backface-visibility: hidden;
+    backface-visibility: hidden;
+    -webkit-perspective: 1000;
+    -moz-perspective: 1000;
+    -ms-perspective: 1000;
+    perspective: 1000;
 }