diff --git a/examples/drag-and-drop-image-vector.html b/examples/drag-and-drop-image-vector.html
index 2635bb9e1a..f6f791278f 100644
--- a/examples/drag-and-drop-image-vector.html
+++ b/examples/drag-and-drop-image-vector.html
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ layout: example.html
 title: Drag-and-Drop Image Vector
 shortdesc: Example of using the drag-and-drop interaction with image vector rendering.
 docs: >
-  Example of using the drag-and-drop interaction with an `ol/layer/Vector` with `renderMode: 'image'`. Drag and drop GPX, GeoJSON, IGC, KML, or TopoJSON files on to the map. Each file is rendered to an image on the client.
+  Example of using the drag-and-drop interaction with an `ol/layer/VectorImage` layer. Drag and drop GPX, GeoJSON, IGC, KML, or TopoJSON files on to the map. Each file is rendered to an image on the client.
 tags: "drag-and-drop-image-vector, gpx, geojson, igc, kml, topojson, vector, image"
 cloak:
   - key: As1HiMj1PvLPlqc_gtM7AqZfBL8ZL3VrjaS3zIb22Uvb9WKhuJObROC-qUpa81U5
diff --git a/examples/drag-and-drop-image-vector.js b/examples/drag-and-drop-image-vector.js
index bfbe18b276..6b0fb4a3c2 100644
--- a/examples/drag-and-drop-image-vector.js
+++ b/examples/drag-and-drop-image-vector.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import Map from '../src/ol/Map.js';
 import View from '../src/ol/View.js';
 import {GPX, GeoJSON, IGC, KML, TopoJSON} from '../src/ol/format.js';
 import {defaults as defaultInteractions, DragAndDrop} from '../src/ol/interaction.js';
-import {Vector as VectorLayer, Tile as TileLayer} from '../src/ol/layer.js';
+import {VectorImage as VectorImageLayer, Tile as TileLayer} from '../src/ol/layer.js';
 import {BingMaps, Vector as VectorSource} from '../src/ol/source.js';
 
 const dragAndDropInteraction = new DragAndDrop({
@@ -36,8 +36,7 @@ dragAndDropInteraction.on('addfeatures', function(event) {
   const vectorSource = new VectorSource({
     features: event.features
   });
-  map.addLayer(new VectorLayer({
-    renderMode: 'image',
+  map.addLayer(new VectorImageLayer({
     source: vectorSource
   }));
   map.getView().fit(vectorSource.getExtent());
diff --git a/examples/image-vector-layer.html b/examples/image-vector-layer.html
index 99613624d3..03350b09c1 100644
--- a/examples/image-vector-layer.html
+++ b/examples/image-vector-layer.html
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 ---
 layout: example.html
-title: Image Vector Layer
-shortdesc: Example of an image vector layer.
+title: Vector Image Layer
+shortdesc: Example of rendering vector data as an image layer.
 docs: >
-  <p>This example uses <code>ol/layer/Vector</code> with `renderMode: 'image'`. This mode results in faster rendering during interaction and animations, at the cost of less accurate rendering.</p>
+  <p>This example uses <code>ol/layer/VectorImage</code> for faster rendering during interaction and animations, at the cost of less accurate rendering.</p>
 tags: "vector, image"
 ---
 <div id="map" class="map"></div>
diff --git a/examples/image-vector-layer.js b/examples/image-vector-layer.js
index 768ffa5198..16966e28ba 100644
--- a/examples/image-vector-layer.js
+++ b/examples/image-vector-layer.js
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import Map from '../src/ol/Map.js';
 import View from '../src/ol/View.js';
 import GeoJSON from '../src/ol/format/GeoJSON.js';
+import VectorImageLayer from '../src/ol/layer/VectorImage.js';
 import VectorLayer from '../src/ol/layer/Vector.js';
 import VectorSource from '../src/ol/source/Vector.js';
 import {Fill, Stroke, Style, Text} from '../src/ol/style.js';
@@ -19,8 +20,7 @@ const style = new Style({
 
 const map = new Map({
   layers: [
-    new VectorLayer({
-      renderMode: 'image',
+    new VectorImageLayer({
       source: new VectorSource({
         url: 'data/geojson/countries.geojson',
         format: new GeoJSON()
diff --git a/src/ol/layer.js b/src/ol/layer.js
index c218524084..7da542afe6 100644
--- a/src/ol/layer.js
+++ b/src/ol/layer.js
@@ -9,4 +9,5 @@ export {default as Image} from './layer/Image.js';
 export {default as Layer} from './layer/Layer.js';
 export {default as Tile} from './layer/Tile.js';
 export {default as Vector} from './layer/Vector.js';
+export {default as VectorImage} from './layer/VectorImage.js';
 export {default as VectorTile} from './layer/VectorTile.js';
diff --git a/src/ol/layer/BaseVector.js b/src/ol/layer/BaseVector.js
index 98950bd2e9..57dc79eb90 100644
--- a/src/ol/layer/BaseVector.js
+++ b/src/ol/layer/BaseVector.js
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  */
 import LayerType from '../LayerType.js';
 import Layer from './Layer.js';
-import VectorRenderType from './VectorRenderType.js';
 import {assign} from '../obj.js';
 import {createDefaultStyle, toFunction as toStyleFunction} from '../style/Style.js';
 
@@ -28,11 +27,6 @@ import {createDefaultStyle, toFunction as toStyleFunction} from '../style/Style.
  * @property {number} [renderBuffer=100] The buffer in pixels around the viewport extent used by the
  * renderer when getting features from the vector source for the rendering or hit-detection.
  * Recommended value: the size of the largest symbol, line width or label.
- * @property {import("./VectorRenderType.js").default|string} [renderMode='vector'] Render mode for vector layers:
- *  * `'image'`: Vector layers are rendered as images. Great performance, but point symbols and
- *    texts are always rotated with the view and pixels are scaled during zoom animations.
- *  * `'vector'`: Vector layers are rendered as vectors. Most accurate rendering even during
- *    animations, but slower performance.
  * @property {import("../source/Vector.js").default} [source] Source.
  * @property {import("../PluggableMap.js").default} [map] Sets the layer as overlay on a map. The map will not manage
  * this layer in its layers collection, and the layer will be rendered on top. This is useful for
@@ -43,14 +37,12 @@ import {createDefaultStyle, toFunction as toStyleFunction} from '../style/Style.
  * means higher priority.
  * @property {import("../style/Style.js").StyleLike} [style] Layer style. See
  * {@link module:ol/style} for default style which will be used if this is not defined.
- * @property {boolean} [updateWhileAnimating=false] When set to `true` and `renderMode`
- * is `vector`, feature batches will be recreated during animations. This means that no
- * vectors will be shown clipped, but the setting will have a performance impact for large
- * amounts of vector data. When set to `false`, batches will be recreated when no animation
- * is active.
- * @property {boolean} [updateWhileInteracting=false] When set to `true` and `renderMode`
- * is `vector`, feature batches will be recreated during interactions. See also
- * `updateWhileAnimating`.
+ * @property {boolean} [updateWhileAnimating=false] When set to `true`, feature batches will
+ * be recreated during animations. This means that no vectors will be shown clipped, but the
+ * setting will have a performance impact for large amounts of vector data. When set to `false`,
+ * batches will be recreated when no animation is active.
+ * @property {boolean} [updateWhileInteracting=false] When set to `true`, feature batches will
+ * be recreated during interactions. See also `updateWhileAnimating`.
  */
 
 
@@ -131,12 +123,6 @@ class BaseVectorLayer extends Layer {
     this.updateWhileInteracting_ = options.updateWhileInteracting !== undefined ?
       options.updateWhileInteracting : false;
 
-    /**
-     * @private
-     * @type {import("./VectorTileRenderType.js").default|string}
-     */
-    this.renderMode_ = options.renderMode || VectorRenderType.VECTOR;
-
     /**
      * The layer type.
      * @protected
@@ -237,12 +223,6 @@ class BaseVectorLayer extends Layer {
     this.changed();
   }
 
-  /**
-   * @return {import("./VectorRenderType.js").default|string} The render mode.
-   */
-  getRenderMode() {
-    return this.renderMode_;
-  }
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/ol/layer/Heatmap.js b/src/ol/layer/Heatmap.js
index db062774c7..16f642f9dc 100644
--- a/src/ol/layer/Heatmap.js
+++ b/src/ol/layer/Heatmap.js
@@ -34,11 +34,6 @@ import Style from '../style/Style.js';
  * @property {string|function(import("../Feature.js").default):number} [weight='weight'] The feature
  * attribute to use for the weight or a function that returns a weight from a feature. Weight values
  * should range from 0 to 1 (and values outside will be clamped to that range).
- * @property {import("./VectorRenderType.js").default|string} [renderMode='vector'] Render mode for vector layers:
- *  * `'image'`: Vector layers are rendered as images. Great performance, but point symbols and
- *    texts are always rotated with the view and pixels are scaled during zoom animations.
- *  * `'vector'`: Vector layers are rendered as vectors. Most accurate rendering even during
- *    animations, but slower performance.
  * @property {import("../source/Vector.js").default} [source] Source.
  */
 
diff --git a/src/ol/layer/VectorImage.js b/src/ol/layer/VectorImage.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..42678c778d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ol/layer/VectorImage.js
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+ * @module ol/layer/VectorImage
+ */
+import BaseVectorLayer from './BaseVector.js';
+import CanvasVectorImageLayerRenderer from '../renderer/canvas/VectorImageLayer.js';
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {import("./BaseVector.js").Options} Options
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @classdesc
+ * Vector data that is rendered client-side.
+ * Note that any property set in the options is set as a {@link module:ol/Object~BaseObject}
+ * property on the layer object; for example, setting `title: 'My Title'` in the
+ * options means that `title` is observable, and has get/set accessors.
+ *
+ * @api
+ */
+class VectorImageLayer extends BaseVectorLayer {
+  /**
+   * @param {Options=} opt_options Options.
+   */
+  constructor(opt_options) {
+    super(opt_options);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a renderer for this layer.
+   * @return {import("../renderer/Layer.js").default} A layer renderer.
+   * @protected
+   */
+  createRenderer() {
+    return new CanvasVectorImageLayerRenderer(this);
+  }
+}
+
+
+export default VectorImageLayer;
diff --git a/src/ol/layer/VectorRenderType.js b/src/ol/layer/VectorRenderType.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 03f4c87006..0000000000
--- a/src/ol/layer/VectorRenderType.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * @module ol/layer/VectorRenderType
- */
-
-/**
- * @enum {string}
- * Render mode for vector layers:
- *  * `'image'`: Vector layers are rendered as images. Great performance, but
- *    point symbols and texts are always rotated with the view and pixels are
- *    scaled during zoom animations.
- *  * `'vector'`: Vector layers are rendered as vectors. Most accurate rendering
- *    even during animations, but slower performance.
- * @api
- */
-export default {
-  IMAGE: 'image',
-  VECTOR: 'vector'
-};
diff --git a/src/ol/layer/VectorTile.js b/src/ol/layer/VectorTile.js
index a40caa1057..7bafcc3943 100644
--- a/src/ol/layer/VectorTile.js
+++ b/src/ol/layer/VectorTile.js
@@ -86,22 +86,28 @@ class VectorTileLayer extends BaseVectorLayer {
   constructor(opt_options) {
     const options = opt_options ? opt_options : {};
 
+    const baseOptions = /** @type {Object} */ (assign({}, options));
+    delete baseOptions.preload;
+    delete baseOptions.useInterimTilesOnError;
+
+    super(/** @type {import("./Vector.js").Options} */ (baseOptions));
+
     let renderMode = options.renderMode || VectorTileRenderType.HYBRID;
     assert(renderMode == undefined ||
        renderMode == VectorTileRenderType.IMAGE ||
        renderMode == VectorTileRenderType.HYBRID ||
        renderMode == VectorTileRenderType.VECTOR,
     28); // `renderMode` must be `'image'`, `'hybrid'` or `'vector'`
+
     if (options.declutter && renderMode == VectorTileRenderType.IMAGE) {
       renderMode = VectorTileRenderType.HYBRID;
     }
-    options.renderMode = renderMode;
 
-    const baseOptions = /** @type {Object} */ (assign({}, options));
-    delete baseOptions.preload;
-    delete baseOptions.useInterimTilesOnError;
-
-    super(/** @type {import("./Vector.js").Options} */ (baseOptions));
+    /**
+     * @private
+     * @type {VectorTileRenderType}
+     */
+    this.renderMode_ = renderMode;
 
     this.setPreload(options.preload ? options.preload : 0);
     this.setUseInterimTilesOnError(options.useInterimTilesOnError !== undefined ?
@@ -124,6 +130,13 @@ class VectorTileLayer extends BaseVectorLayer {
     return new CanvasVectorTileLayerRenderer(this);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * @return {VectorTileRenderType} The render mode.
+   */
+  getRenderMode() {
+    return this.renderMode_;
+  }
+
   /**
   * Return the level as number to which we will preload tiles up to.
   * @return {number} The level to preload tiles up to.
diff --git a/src/ol/renderer/canvas/ImageLayer.js b/src/ol/renderer/canvas/ImageLayer.js
index 9436725087..677e7e48a8 100644
--- a/src/ol/renderer/canvas/ImageLayer.js
+++ b/src/ol/renderer/canvas/ImageLayer.js
@@ -2,14 +2,9 @@
  * @module ol/renderer/canvas/ImageLayer
  */
 import {ENABLE_RASTER_REPROJECTION} from '../../reproj/common.js';
-import ImageCanvas from '../../ImageCanvas.js';
 import LayerType from '../../LayerType.js';
 import ViewHint from '../../ViewHint.js';
-import {equals} from '../../array.js';
-import {getHeight, getIntersection, getWidth, isEmpty} from '../../extent.js';
-import VectorRenderType from '../../layer/VectorRenderType.js';
-import {assign} from '../../obj.js';
-import {layerRendererConstructors} from './Map.js';
+import {getIntersection, isEmpty} from '../../extent.js';
 import IntermediateCanvasRenderer from './IntermediateCanvas.js';
 import {create as createTransform, compose as composeTransform} from '../../transform.js';
 
@@ -21,55 +16,23 @@ import {create as createTransform, compose as composeTransform} from '../../tran
 class CanvasImageLayerRenderer extends IntermediateCanvasRenderer {
 
   /**
-   * @param {import("../../layer/Image.js").default|import("../../layer/Vector.js").default} imageLayer Image or vector layer.
+   * @param {import("../../layer/Image.js").default} imageLayer Image layer.
    */
   constructor(imageLayer) {
-
     super(imageLayer);
 
     /**
-     * @private
+     * @protected
      * @type {?import("../../ImageBase.js").default}
      */
     this.image_ = null;
 
     /**
-     * @private
+     * @protected
      * @type {import("../../transform.js").Transform}
      */
     this.imageTransform_ = createTransform();
 
-    /**
-     * @type {!Array<string>}
-     */
-    this.skippedFeatures_ = [];
-
-    /**
-     * @private
-     * @type {import("./VectorLayer.js").default}
-     */
-    this.vectorRenderer_ = null;
-
-    if (imageLayer.getType() === LayerType.VECTOR) {
-      for (let i = 0, ii = layerRendererConstructors.length; i < ii; ++i) {
-        const ctor = layerRendererConstructors[i];
-        if (ctor !== CanvasImageLayerRenderer && ctor['handles'](imageLayer)) {
-          this.vectorRenderer_ = /** @type {import("./VectorLayer.js").default} */ (new ctor(imageLayer));
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @inheritDoc
-   */
-  disposeInternal() {
-    if (this.vectorRenderer_) {
-      this.vectorRenderer_.dispose();
-    }
-    super.disposeInternal();
   }
 
   /**
@@ -103,9 +66,8 @@ class CanvasImageLayerRenderer extends IntermediateCanvasRenderer {
 
     const hints = frameState.viewHints;
 
-    const vectorRenderer = this.vectorRenderer_;
     let renderedExtent = frameState.extent;
-    if (!vectorRenderer && layerState.extent !== undefined) {
+    if (layerState.extent !== undefined) {
       renderedExtent = getIntersection(renderedExtent, layerState.extent);
     }
 
@@ -118,37 +80,9 @@ class CanvasImageLayerRenderer extends IntermediateCanvasRenderer {
           projection = sourceProjection;
         }
       }
-      let skippedFeatures = this.skippedFeatures_;
-      if (vectorRenderer) {
-        const context = vectorRenderer.context;
-        const imageFrameState = /** @type {import("../../PluggableMap.js").FrameState} */ (assign({}, frameState, {
-          size: [
-            getWidth(renderedExtent) / viewResolution,
-            getHeight(renderedExtent) / viewResolution
-          ],
-          viewState: /** @type {import("../../View.js").State} */ (assign({}, frameState.viewState, {
-            rotation: 0
-          }))
-        }));
-        const newSkippedFeatures = Object.keys(imageFrameState.skippedFeatureUids).sort();
-        image = new ImageCanvas(renderedExtent, viewResolution, pixelRatio, context.canvas, function(callback) {
-          if (vectorRenderer.prepareFrame(imageFrameState, layerState) &&
-              (vectorRenderer.replayGroupChanged ||
-              !equals(skippedFeatures, newSkippedFeatures))) {
-            context.canvas.width = imageFrameState.size[0] * pixelRatio;
-            context.canvas.height = imageFrameState.size[1] * pixelRatio;
-            vectorRenderer.compose(context, imageFrameState, layerState);
-            skippedFeatures = newSkippedFeatures;
-            callback();
-          }
-        });
-      } else {
-        image = imageSource.getImage(
-          renderedExtent, viewResolution, pixelRatio, projection);
-      }
+      const image = imageSource.getImage(renderedExtent, viewResolution, pixelRatio, projection);
       if (image && this.loadImage(image)) {
         this.image_ = image;
-        this.skippedFeatures_ = skippedFeatures;
       }
     }
 
@@ -177,16 +111,6 @@ class CanvasImageLayerRenderer extends IntermediateCanvasRenderer {
     return !!this.image_;
   }
 
-  /**
-   * @inheritDoc
-   */
-  forEachFeatureAtCoordinate(coordinate, frameState, hitTolerance, callback) {
-    if (this.vectorRenderer_) {
-      return this.vectorRenderer_.forEachFeatureAtCoordinate(coordinate, frameState, hitTolerance, callback);
-    } else {
-      return super.forEachFeatureAtCoordinate(coordinate, frameState, hitTolerance, callback);
-    }
-  }
 }
 
 
@@ -196,9 +120,7 @@ class CanvasImageLayerRenderer extends IntermediateCanvasRenderer {
  * @return {boolean} The renderer can render the layer.
  */
 CanvasImageLayerRenderer['handles'] = function(layer) {
-  return layer.getType() === LayerType.IMAGE ||
-    layer.getType() === LayerType.VECTOR &&
-    /** @type {import("../../layer/Vector.js").default} */ (layer).getRenderMode() === VectorRenderType.IMAGE;
+  return layer.getType() === LayerType.IMAGE;
 };
 
 
diff --git a/src/ol/renderer/canvas/VectorImageLayer.js b/src/ol/renderer/canvas/VectorImageLayer.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..034018f793
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ol/renderer/canvas/VectorImageLayer.js
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/**
+ * @module ol/renderer/canvas/ImageLayer
+ */
+import ImageCanvas from '../../ImageCanvas.js';
+import ViewHint from '../../ViewHint.js';
+import {equals} from '../../array.js';
+import {getHeight, getWidth, isEmpty} from '../../extent.js';
+import {assign} from '../../obj.js';
+import CanvasImageLayerRenderer from './ImageLayer.js';
+import {compose as composeTransform} from '../../transform.js';
+import CanvasVectorLayerRenderer from './VectorLayer.js';
+
+/**
+ * @classdesc
+ * Canvas renderer for image layers.
+ * @api
+ */
+class CanvasVectorImageLayerRenderer extends CanvasImageLayerRenderer {
+
+  /**
+   * @param {import("../../layer/VectorImage.js").default} layer Vector image layer.
+   */
+  constructor(layer) {
+    super(layer);
+
+    /**
+     * @type {!Array<string>}
+     */
+    this.skippedFeatures_ = [];
+
+    /**
+     * @private
+     * @type {import("./VectorLayer.js").default}
+     */
+    this.vectorRenderer_ = new CanvasVectorLayerRenderer(layer);
+
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @inheritDoc
+   */
+  disposeInternal() {
+    this.vectorRenderer_.dispose();
+    super.disposeInternal();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @inheritDoc
+   */
+  prepareFrame(frameState, layerState) {
+    const pixelRatio = frameState.pixelRatio;
+    const size = frameState.size;
+    const viewState = frameState.viewState;
+    const viewCenter = viewState.center;
+    const viewResolution = viewState.resolution;
+
+    const hints = frameState.viewHints;
+    const vectorRenderer = this.vectorRenderer_;
+    const renderedExtent = frameState.extent;
+
+    if (!hints[ViewHint.ANIMATING] && !hints[ViewHint.INTERACTING] && !isEmpty(renderedExtent)) {
+      let skippedFeatures = this.skippedFeatures_;
+      const context = vectorRenderer.context;
+      const imageFrameState = /** @type {import("../../PluggableMap.js").FrameState} */ (assign({}, frameState, {
+        size: [
+          getWidth(renderedExtent) / viewResolution,
+          getHeight(renderedExtent) / viewResolution
+        ],
+        viewState: /** @type {import("../../View.js").State} */ (assign({}, frameState.viewState, {
+          rotation: 0
+        }))
+      }));
+      const newSkippedFeatures = Object.keys(imageFrameState.skippedFeatureUids).sort();
+      const image = new ImageCanvas(renderedExtent, viewResolution, pixelRatio, context.canvas, function(callback) {
+        if (vectorRenderer.prepareFrame(imageFrameState, layerState) &&
+              (vectorRenderer.replayGroupChanged ||
+              !equals(skippedFeatures, newSkippedFeatures))) {
+          context.canvas.width = imageFrameState.size[0] * pixelRatio;
+          context.canvas.height = imageFrameState.size[1] * pixelRatio;
+          vectorRenderer.compose(context, imageFrameState, layerState);
+          skippedFeatures = newSkippedFeatures;
+          callback();
+        }
+      });
+      if (this.loadImage(image)) {
+        this.image_ = image;
+        this.skippedFeatures_ = skippedFeatures;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (this.image_) {
+      const image = this.image_;
+      const imageExtent = image.getExtent();
+      const imageResolution = image.getResolution();
+      const imagePixelRatio = image.getPixelRatio();
+      const scale = pixelRatio * imageResolution /
+          (viewResolution * imagePixelRatio);
+      const transform = composeTransform(this.imageTransform_,
+        pixelRatio * size[0] / 2, pixelRatio * size[1] / 2,
+        scale, scale,
+        0,
+        imagePixelRatio * (imageExtent[0] - viewCenter[0]) / imageResolution,
+        imagePixelRatio * (viewCenter[1] - imageExtent[3]) / imageResolution);
+      composeTransform(this.coordinateToCanvasPixelTransform,
+        pixelRatio * size[0] / 2 - transform[4], pixelRatio * size[1] / 2 - transform[5],
+        pixelRatio / viewResolution, -pixelRatio / viewResolution,
+        0,
+        -viewCenter[0], -viewCenter[1]);
+
+      this.renderedResolution = imageResolution * pixelRatio / imagePixelRatio;
+    }
+
+    return !!this.image_;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @inheritDoc
+   */
+  forEachFeatureAtCoordinate(coordinate, frameState, hitTolerance, callback) {
+    if (this.vectorRenderer_) {
+      return this.vectorRenderer_.forEachFeatureAtCoordinate(coordinate, frameState, hitTolerance, callback);
+    } else {
+      return super.forEachFeatureAtCoordinate(coordinate, frameState, hitTolerance, callback);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+export default CanvasVectorImageLayerRenderer;
diff --git a/src/ol/renderer/canvas/VectorTileLayer.js b/src/ol/renderer/canvas/VectorTileLayer.js
index 60570990ec..01d2c73f39 100644
--- a/src/ol/renderer/canvas/VectorTileLayer.js
+++ b/src/ol/renderer/canvas/VectorTileLayer.js
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class CanvasVectorTileLayerRenderer extends CanvasTileLayerRenderer {
    * @inheritDoc
    */
   prepareFrame(frameState, layerState) {
-    const layer = /** @type {import("../../layer/Vector.js").default} */ (this.getLayer());
+    const layer = /** @type {import("../../layer/VectorTile.js").default} */ (this.getLayer());
     const layerRevision = layer.getRevision();
     if (this.renderedLayerRevision_ != layerRevision) {
       this.renderedTiles.length = 0;
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ class CanvasVectorTileLayerRenderer extends CanvasTileLayerRenderer {
    * @inheritDoc
    */
   postCompose(context, frameState, layerState) {
-    const layer = /** @type {import("../../layer/Vector.js").default} */ (this.getLayer());
+    const layer = /** @type {import("../../layer/VectorTile.js").default} */ (this.getLayer());
     const renderMode = layer.getRenderMode();
     if (renderMode != VectorTileRenderType.IMAGE) {
       const declutterReplays = layer.getDeclutter() ? {} : null;
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ class CanvasVectorTileLayerRenderer extends CanvasTileLayerRenderer {
    * @private
    */
   renderTileImage_(tile, pixelRatio, projection) {
-    const layer = /** @type {import("../../layer/Vector.js").default} */ (this.getLayer());
+    const layer = /** @type {import("../../layer/VectorTile.js").default} */ (this.getLayer());
     const replayState = tile.getReplayState(layer);
     const revision = layer.getRevision();
     const replays = IMAGE_REPLAYS[layer.getRenderMode()];
diff --git a/src/ol/source/Raster.js b/src/ol/source/Raster.js
index 816d01db60..aa952010fb 100644
--- a/src/ol/source/Raster.js
+++ b/src/ol/source/Raster.js
@@ -10,15 +10,14 @@ import Event from '../events/Event.js';
 import EventType from '../events/EventType.js';
 import {Processor} from 'pixelworks/lib/index';
 import {equals, getCenter, getHeight, getWidth} from '../extent.js';
-import LayerType from '../LayerType.js';
 import ImageLayer from '../layer/Image.js';
 import TileLayer from '../layer/Tile.js';
 import {assign} from '../obj.js';
-import CanvasImageLayerRenderer from '../renderer/canvas/ImageLayer.js';
-import CanvasTileLayerRenderer from '../renderer/canvas/TileLayer.js';
-import ImageSource from './Image.js';
-import SourceState from './State.js';
 import {create as createTransform} from '../transform.js';
+import ImageSource from './Image.js';
+import TileSource from './Tile.js';
+import SourceState from './State.js';
+import Source from './Source.js';
 
 
 /**
@@ -113,7 +112,7 @@ class RasterSourceEvent extends Event {
 /**
  * @typedef {Object} Options
  * @property {Array<import("./Source.js").default|import("../layer/Layer.js").default>} sources Input
- * sources or layers. Vector layers must be configured with `renderMode: 'image'`.
+ * sources or layers.  For vector data, use an VectorImage layer.
  * @property {Operation} [operation] Raster operation.
  * The operation will be called with data from input sources
  * and the output will be assigned to the raster source.
@@ -490,42 +489,18 @@ function createRenderers(sources) {
  * @return {import("../renderer/canvas/Layer.js").default} The renderer.
  */
 function createRenderer(layerOrSource) {
-  const tileSource = /** @type {import("./Tile.js").default} */ (layerOrSource);
-  const imageSource = /** @type {import("./Image.js").default} */ (layerOrSource);
-  const layer = /** @type {import("../layer/Layer.js").default} */ (layerOrSource);
-  let renderer = null;
-  if (typeof tileSource.getTile === 'function') {
-    renderer = createTileRenderer(tileSource);
-  } else if (typeof imageSource.getImage === 'function') {
-    renderer = createImageRenderer(imageSource);
-  } else if (layer.getType() === LayerType.TILE) {
-    renderer = new CanvasTileLayerRenderer(/** @type {import("../layer/Tile.js").default} */ (layer));
-  } else if (layer.getType() == LayerType.IMAGE || layer.getType() == LayerType.VECTOR) {
-    renderer = new CanvasImageLayerRenderer(/** @type {import("../layer/Image.js").default} */ (layer));
+  // @type {import("../layer/Layer.js").default}
+  let layer;
+  if (layerOrSource instanceof Source) {
+    if (layerOrSource instanceof TileSource) {
+      layer = new TileLayer({source: layerOrSource});
+    } else if (layerOrSource instanceof ImageSource) {
+      layer = new ImageLayer({source: layerOrSource});
+    }
+  } else {
+    layer = layerOrSource;
   }
-  return renderer;
-}
-
-
-/**
- * Create an image renderer for the provided source.
- * @param {import("./Image.js").default} source The source.
- * @return {import("../renderer/canvas/Layer.js").default} The renderer.
- */
-function createImageRenderer(source) {
-  const layer = new ImageLayer({source: source});
-  return new CanvasImageLayerRenderer(layer);
-}
-
-
-/**
- * Create a tile renderer for the provided source.
- * @param {import("./Tile.js").default} source The source.
- * @return {import("../renderer/canvas/Layer.js").default} The renderer.
- */
-function createTileRenderer(source) {
-  const layer = new TileLayer({source: source});
-  return new CanvasTileLayerRenderer(layer);
+  return layer ? /** @type {import("../renderer/canvas/Layer.js").default} */ (layer.createRenderer()) : null;
 }
 
 
diff --git a/test/rendering/ol/layer/vector.test.js b/test/rendering/ol/layer/vector.test.js
index ce3a1ac883..963e97b09f 100644
--- a/test/rendering/ol/layer/vector.test.js
+++ b/test/rendering/ol/layer/vector.test.js
@@ -99,33 +99,6 @@ describe('ol.rendering.layer.Vector', function() {
       });
     });
 
-    it('renders opacity correctly with renderMode: \'image\'', function(done) {
-      createMap('canvas');
-      const smallLine = new Feature(new LineString([
-        [center[0], center[1] - 1],
-        [center[0], center[1] + 1]
-      ]));
-      smallLine.setStyle(new Style({
-        zIndex: -99,
-        stroke: new Stroke({width: 75, color: 'red'})
-      }));
-      source.addFeature(smallLine);
-      addPolygon(100);
-      addCircle(200);
-      addPolygon(250);
-      addCircle(500);
-      addPolygon(600);
-      addPolygon(720);
-      map.addLayer(new VectorLayer({
-        renerMode: 'image',
-        source: source
-      }));
-      map.once('postrender', function() {
-        expectResemble(map, 'rendering/ol/layer/expected/vector-canvas.png',
-          17, done);
-      });
-    });
-
     it('renders transparent layers correctly with the canvas renderer', function(done) {
       createMap('canvas');
       const smallLine = new Feature(new LineString([
@@ -165,46 +138,6 @@ describe('ol.rendering.layer.Vector', function() {
       });
     });
 
-    it('renders transparent layers correctly with renderMode: \'image\'', function(done) {
-      createMap('canvas');
-      const smallLine = new Feature(new LineString([
-        [center[0], center[1] - 1],
-        [center[0], center[1] + 1]
-      ]));
-      smallLine.setStyle([
-        new Style({
-          stroke: new Stroke({width: 75, color: 'red'})
-        }),
-        new Style({
-          stroke: new Stroke({width: 45, color: 'white'})
-        })
-      ]);
-      source.addFeature(smallLine);
-      const smallLine2 = new Feature(new LineString([
-        [center[0], center[1] - 1000],
-        [center[0], center[1] + 1000]
-      ]));
-      smallLine2.setStyle([
-        new Style({
-          stroke: new Stroke({width: 35, color: 'blue'})
-        }),
-        new Style({
-          stroke: new Stroke({width: 15, color: 'green'})
-        })
-      ]);
-      source.addFeature(smallLine2);
-
-      map.addLayer(new VectorLayer({
-        renderMode: 'image',
-        source: source,
-        opacity: 0.5
-      }));
-      map.once('postrender', function() {
-        expectResemble(map, 'rendering/ol/layer/expected/vector-canvas-transparent.png',
-          7, done);
-      });
-    });
-
     it('renders rotation correctly with the canvas renderer', function(done) {
       createMap('canvas');
       map.getView().setRotation(Math.PI + Math.PI / 4);
@@ -225,53 +158,6 @@ describe('ol.rendering.layer.Vector', function() {
       });
     });
 
-    it('renders rotation correctly with renderMode: \'image\'', function(done) {
-      createMap('canvas');
-      map.getView().setRotation(Math.PI + Math.PI / 4);
-      addPolygon(300);
-      addCircle(500);
-      map.addLayer(new VectorLayer({
-        renderMode: 'image',
-        source: source,
-        style: new Style({
-          stroke: new Stroke({
-            width: 2,
-            color: 'black'
-          })
-        })
-      }));
-      map.once('postrender', function() {
-        expectResemble(map, 'rendering/ol/layer/expected/vector-canvas-rotated.png',
-          2.9, done);
-      });
-    });
-
-    it('unskips features correctly with renderMode: \'image\'', function(done) {
-      createMap('canvas');
-      addCircle(500);
-      addPolygon(300);
-      map.skipFeature(source.getFeatures()[1]);
-      map.addLayer(new VectorLayer({
-        renderMode: 'image',
-        source: source,
-        style: new Style({
-          fill: new Fill({
-            color: 'rgba(255,0,0,0.5)'
-          }),
-          stroke: new Stroke({
-            width: 2,
-            color: 'black'
-          })
-        })
-      }));
-      map.renderSync();
-      map.unskipFeature(source.getFeatures()[1]);
-      map.once('postrender', function() {
-        expectResemble(map, 'rendering/ol/layer/expected/vector.png',
-          IMAGE_TOLERANCE, done);
-      });
-    });
-
     it('renders fill/stroke batches correctly with the canvas renderer', function(done) {
       createMap('canvas');
       source = new VectorSource({
@@ -622,47 +508,6 @@ describe('ol.rendering.layer.Vector', function() {
       });
     });
 
-    it('declutters text with renderMode: \'image\'', function(done) {
-      createMap('canvas');
-      const layer = new VectorLayer({
-        renderMode: 'image',
-        source: source
-      });
-      map.addLayer(layer);
-
-      const centerFeature = new Feature({
-        geometry: new Point(center),
-        text: 'center'
-      });
-      source.addFeature(centerFeature);
-      source.addFeature(new Feature({
-        geometry: new Point([center[0] - 540, center[1]]),
-        text: 'west'
-      }));
-      source.addFeature(new Feature({
-        geometry: new Point([center[0] + 540, center[1]]),
-        text: 'east'
-      }));
-
-      layer.setDeclutter(true);
-      layer.setStyle(function(feature) {
-        return new Style({
-          text: new Text({
-            text: feature.get('text'),
-            font: '12px sans-serif'
-          })
-        });
-      });
-
-      map.once('postrender', function() {
-        const hitDetected = map.getFeaturesAtPixel([42, 42]);
-        expect(hitDetected).to.have.length(1);
-        expect(hitDetected[0]).to.equal(centerFeature);
-        expectResemble(map, 'rendering/ol/layer/expected/vector-canvas-declutter.png',
-          2.2, done);
-      });
-    });
-
     it('declutters text and respects z-index', function(done) {
       createMap('canvas');
       const layer = new VectorLayer({
@@ -742,46 +587,6 @@ describe('ol.rendering.layer.Vector', function() {
       });
     });
 
-    it('declutters images with renderMode: \'image\'', function(done) {
-      createMap('canvas');
-      const layer = new VectorLayer({
-        renderMode: 'image',
-        source: source
-      });
-      map.addLayer(layer);
-
-      const centerFeature = new Feature({
-        geometry: new Point(center)
-      });
-      source.addFeature(centerFeature);
-      source.addFeature(new Feature({
-        geometry: new Point([center[0] - 540, center[1]])
-      }));
-      source.addFeature(new Feature({
-        geometry: new Point([center[0] + 540, center[1]])
-      }));
-
-      layer.setDeclutter(true);
-      layer.setStyle(function(feature) {
-        return new Style({
-          image: new CircleStyle({
-            radius: 15,
-            stroke: new Stroke({
-              color: 'blue'
-            })
-          })
-        });
-      });
-
-      map.once('postrender', function() {
-        const hitDetected = map.getFeaturesAtPixel([40, 40]);
-        expect(hitDetected).to.have.length(1);
-        expect(hitDetected[0]).to.equal(centerFeature);
-        expectResemble(map, 'rendering/ol/layer/expected/vector-canvas-declutter-image.png',
-          IMAGE_TOLERANCE, done);
-      });
-    });
-
     it('declutters images and respects z-index', function(done) {
       createMap('canvas');
       const layer = new VectorLayer({
@@ -908,49 +713,6 @@ describe('ol.rendering.layer.Vector', function() {
       });
     });
 
-    it('declutters text along lines and images with renderMode: \'image\'', function(done) {
-      createMap('canvas');
-      const layer = new VectorLayer({
-        source: source
-      });
-      map.addLayer(layer);
-
-      const point = new Feature(new Point(center));
-      point.setStyle(new Style({
-        image: new CircleStyle({
-          radius: 8,
-          stroke: new Stroke({
-            color: 'blue'
-          })
-        })
-      }));
-      const line = new Feature(new LineString([
-        [center[0] - 650, center[1] - 200],
-        [center[0] + 650, center[1] - 200]
-      ]));
-      line.setStyle(new Style({
-        stroke: new Stroke({
-          color: '#CCC',
-          width: 12
-        }),
-        text: new Text({
-          placement: 'line',
-          text: 'east-west',
-          font: '12px sans-serif'
-        })
-      }));
-
-      source.addFeature(point);
-      source.addFeature(line);
-
-      layer.setDeclutter(true);
-
-      map.once('postrender', function() {
-        expectResemble(map, 'rendering/ol/layer/expected/vector-canvas-declutter-line.png',
-          IMAGE_TOLERANCE, done);
-      });
-    });
-
     it('declutters text along lines and images with z-index', function(done) {
       createMap('canvas');
       const layer = new VectorLayer({
diff --git a/test/rendering/ol/layer/vectorimage.test.js b/test/rendering/ol/layer/vectorimage.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..036f0f0654
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/rendering/ol/layer/vectorimage.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+import Circle from '../../../../src/ol/geom/Circle.js';
+import CircleStyle from '../../../../src/ol/style/Circle.js';
+import Feature from '../../../../src/ol/Feature.js';
+import Fill from '../../../../src/ol/style/Fill.js';
+import LineString from '../../../../src/ol/geom/LineString.js';
+import Map from '../../../../src/ol/Map.js';
+import Point from '../../../../src/ol/geom/Point.js';
+import Polygon from '../../../../src/ol/geom/Polygon.js';
+import Stroke from '../../../../src/ol/style/Stroke.js';
+import Style from '../../../../src/ol/style/Style.js';
+import Text from '../../../../src/ol/style/Text.js';
+import VectorImageLayer from '../../../../src/ol/layer/VectorImage.js';
+import VectorSource from '../../../../src/ol/source/Vector.js';
+import View from '../../../../src/ol/View.js';
+
+describe('ol.rendering.layer.VectorImage', function() {
+
+  const center = [1825927.7316762917, 6143091.089223046];
+
+  let map, source;
+  function createMap(renderer) {
+    source = new VectorSource();
+    map = new Map({
+      pixelRatio: 1,
+      target: createMapDiv(80, 80),
+      renderer: renderer,
+      view: new View({
+        center: center,
+        zoom: 13
+      })
+    });
+  }
+
+  afterEach(function() {
+    if (map) {
+      disposeMap(map);
+    }
+    map = null;
+  });
+
+  function addCircle(r) {
+    source.addFeature(new Feature(new Circle(center, r)));
+  }
+
+  function addPolygon(r) {
+    source.addFeature(new Feature(new Polygon([
+      [
+        [center[0] - r, center[1] - r],
+        [center[0] + r, center[1] - r],
+        [center[0] + r, center[1] + r],
+        [center[0] - r, center[1] + r],
+        [center[0] - r, center[1] - r]
+      ]
+    ])));
+  }
+
+  it('renders opacity correctly', function(done) {
+    createMap('canvas');
+    const smallLine = new Feature(new LineString([
+      [center[0], center[1] - 1],
+      [center[0], center[1] + 1]
+    ]));
+    smallLine.setStyle(new Style({
+      zIndex: -99,
+      stroke: new Stroke({width: 75, color: 'red'})
+    }));
+    source.addFeature(smallLine);
+    addPolygon(100);
+    addCircle(200);
+    addPolygon(250);
+    addCircle(500);
+    addPolygon(600);
+    addPolygon(720);
+    map.addLayer(new VectorImageLayer({
+      source: source
+    }));
+    map.once('postrender', function() {
+      expectResemble(map, 'rendering/ol/layer/expected/vector-canvas.png',
+        17, done);
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('renders transparent layers correctly', function(done) {
+    createMap('canvas');
+    const smallLine = new Feature(new LineString([
+      [center[0], center[1] - 1],
+      [center[0], center[1] + 1]
+    ]));
+    smallLine.setStyle([
+      new Style({
+        stroke: new Stroke({width: 75, color: 'red'})
+      }),
+      new Style({
+        stroke: new Stroke({width: 45, color: 'white'})
+      })
+    ]);
+    source.addFeature(smallLine);
+    const smallLine2 = new Feature(new LineString([
+      [center[0], center[1] - 1000],
+      [center[0], center[1] + 1000]
+    ]));
+    smallLine2.setStyle([
+      new Style({
+        stroke: new Stroke({width: 35, color: 'blue'})
+      }),
+      new Style({
+        stroke: new Stroke({width: 15, color: 'green'})
+      })
+    ]);
+    source.addFeature(smallLine2);
+
+    map.addLayer(new VectorImageLayer({
+      source: source,
+      opacity: 0.5
+    }));
+    map.once('postrender', function() {
+      expectResemble(map, 'rendering/ol/layer/expected/vector-canvas-transparent.png',
+        7, done);
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('renders rotation correctly', function(done) {
+    createMap('canvas');
+    map.getView().setRotation(Math.PI + Math.PI / 4);
+    addPolygon(300);
+    addCircle(500);
+    map.addLayer(new VectorImageLayer({
+      source: source,
+      style: new Style({
+        stroke: new Stroke({
+          width: 2,
+          color: 'black'
+        })
+      })
+    }));
+    map.once('postrender', function() {
+      expectResemble(map, 'rendering/ol/layer/expected/vector-canvas-rotated.png',
+        2.9, done);
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('unskips features correctly', function(done) {
+    createMap('canvas');
+    addCircle(500);
+    addPolygon(300);
+    map.skipFeature(source.getFeatures()[1]);
+    map.addLayer(new VectorImageLayer({
+      source: source,
+      style: new Style({
+        fill: new Fill({
+          color: 'rgba(255,0,0,0.5)'
+        }),
+        stroke: new Stroke({
+          width: 2,
+          color: 'black'
+        })
+      })
+    }));
+    map.renderSync();
+    map.unskipFeature(source.getFeatures()[1]);
+    map.once('postrender', function() {
+      expectResemble(map, 'rendering/ol/layer/expected/vector.png',
+        IMAGE_TOLERANCE, done);
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('declutters text', function(done) {
+    createMap('canvas');
+    const layer = new VectorImageLayer({
+      source: source
+    });
+    map.addLayer(layer);
+
+    const centerFeature = new Feature({
+      geometry: new Point(center),
+      text: 'center'
+    });
+    source.addFeature(centerFeature);
+    source.addFeature(new Feature({
+      geometry: new Point([center[0] - 540, center[1]]),
+      text: 'west'
+    }));
+    source.addFeature(new Feature({
+      geometry: new Point([center[0] + 540, center[1]]),
+      text: 'east'
+    }));
+
+    layer.setDeclutter(true);
+    layer.setStyle(function(feature) {
+      return new Style({
+        text: new Text({
+          text: feature.get('text'),
+          font: '12px sans-serif'
+        })
+      });
+    });
+
+    map.once('postrender', function() {
+      const hitDetected = map.getFeaturesAtPixel([42, 42]);
+      expect(hitDetected).to.have.length(1);
+      expect(hitDetected[0]).to.equal(centerFeature);
+      expectResemble(map, 'rendering/ol/layer/expected/vector-canvas-declutter.png',
+        2.2, done);
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('declutters images', function(done) {
+    createMap('canvas');
+    const layer = new VectorImageLayer({
+      source: source
+    });
+    map.addLayer(layer);
+
+    const centerFeature = new Feature({
+      geometry: new Point(center)
+    });
+    source.addFeature(centerFeature);
+    source.addFeature(new Feature({
+      geometry: new Point([center[0] - 540, center[1]])
+    }));
+    source.addFeature(new Feature({
+      geometry: new Point([center[0] + 540, center[1]])
+    }));
+
+    layer.setDeclutter(true);
+    layer.setStyle(function(feature) {
+      return new Style({
+        image: new CircleStyle({
+          radius: 15,
+          stroke: new Stroke({
+            color: 'blue'
+          })
+        })
+      });
+    });
+
+    map.once('postrender', function() {
+      const hitDetected = map.getFeaturesAtPixel([40, 40]);
+      expect(hitDetected).to.have.length(1);
+      expect(hitDetected[0]).to.equal(centerFeature);
+      expectResemble(map, 'rendering/ol/layer/expected/vector-canvas-declutter-image.png',
+        IMAGE_TOLERANCE, done);
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('declutters text along lines and images', function(done) {
+    createMap('canvas');
+    const layer = new VectorImageLayer({
+      source: source
+    });
+    map.addLayer(layer);
+
+    const point = new Feature(new Point(center));
+    point.setStyle(new Style({
+      image: new CircleStyle({
+        radius: 8,
+        stroke: new Stroke({
+          color: 'blue'
+        })
+      })
+    }));
+    const line = new Feature(new LineString([
+      [center[0] - 650, center[1] - 200],
+      [center[0] + 650, center[1] - 200]
+    ]));
+    line.setStyle(new Style({
+      stroke: new Stroke({
+        color: '#CCC',
+        width: 12
+      }),
+      text: new Text({
+        placement: 'line',
+        text: 'east-west',
+        font: '12px sans-serif'
+      })
+    }));
+
+    source.addFeature(point);
+    source.addFeature(line);
+
+    layer.setDeclutter(true);
+
+    map.once('postrender', function() {
+      expectResemble(map, 'rendering/ol/layer/expected/vector-canvas-declutter-line.png',
+        IMAGE_TOLERANCE, done);
+    });
+  });
+
+});
diff --git a/test/spec/ol/renderer/canvas/imagelayer.test.js b/test/spec/ol/renderer/canvas/imagelayer.test.js
index 3068bec1f2..3e7ca3a1c8 100644
--- a/test/spec/ol/renderer/canvas/imagelayer.test.js
+++ b/test/spec/ol/renderer/canvas/imagelayer.test.js
@@ -1,45 +1,16 @@
 import Map from '../../../../../src/ol/Map.js';
 import View from '../../../../../src/ol/View.js';
 import ImageLayer from '../../../../../src/ol/layer/Image.js';
-import VectorLayer from '../../../../../src/ol/layer/Vector.js';
+import VectorImageLayer from '../../../../../src/ol/layer/VectorImage.js';
 import Feature from '../../../../../src/ol/Feature.js';
 import Point from '../../../../../src/ol/geom/Point.js';
 import Projection from '../../../../../src/ol/proj/Projection.js';
 import Static from '../../../../../src/ol/source/ImageStatic.js';
 import VectorSource from '../../../../../src/ol/source/Vector.js';
-import CanvasImageLayerRenderer from '../../../../../src/ol/renderer/canvas/ImageLayer.js';
-import CanvasVectorLayerRenderer from '../../../../../src/ol/renderer/canvas/VectorLayer.js';
 
 
 describe('ol.renderer.canvas.ImageLayer', function() {
 
-  describe('#dispose()', function() {
-    let layer, imageRenderer, vectorRenderer;
-
-    beforeEach(function() {
-      layer = new VectorLayer({
-        renderMode: 'image',
-        source: new VectorSource()
-      });
-      imageRenderer = new CanvasImageLayerRenderer(layer);
-      vectorRenderer = new CanvasVectorLayerRenderer(layer);
-      imageRenderer.vectorRenderer_ = vectorRenderer;
-    });
-
-    afterEach(function() {
-      imageRenderer.dispose();
-      vectorRenderer.dispose();
-      layer.dispose();
-    });
-
-    it('cleans up CanvasVectorRenderer', function() {
-      const vectorRenderer = imageRenderer.vectorRenderer_;
-      const spy = sinon.spy(vectorRenderer, 'dispose');
-      imageRenderer.dispose();
-      expect(spy.called).to.be(true);
-    });
-  });
-
   describe('#forEachLayerAtCoordinate', function() {
 
     let map, target, source;
@@ -99,8 +70,7 @@ describe('ol.renderer.canvas.ImageLayer', function() {
     let map, div, layer;
 
     beforeEach(function() {
-      layer = new VectorLayer({
-        renderMode: 'image',
+      layer = new VectorImageLayer({
         source: new VectorSource({
           features: [new Feature(new Point([0, 0]))]
         })
diff --git a/test/spec/ol/renderer/canvas/vectorimage.test.js b/test/spec/ol/renderer/canvas/vectorimage.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5948f40a44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/spec/ol/renderer/canvas/vectorimage.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import VectorImageLayer from '../../../../../src/ol/layer/VectorImage.js';
+import VectorSource from '../../../../../src/ol/source/Vector.js';
+import CanvasVectorImageLayerRenderer from '../../../../../src/ol/renderer/canvas/VectorImageLayer.js';
+
+describe('ol/renderer/canvas/VectorImageLayer', function() {
+
+  describe('#dispose()', function() {
+
+    it('cleans up CanvasVectorRenderer', function() {
+      const layer = new VectorImageLayer({
+        source: new VectorSource()
+      });
+      const renderer = new CanvasVectorImageLayerRenderer(layer);
+      const spy = sinon.spy(renderer.vectorRenderer_, 'dispose');
+      renderer.dispose();
+      expect(spy.called).to.be(true);
+    });
+
+  });
+
+});
diff --git a/test/spec/ol/source/raster.test.js b/test/spec/ol/source/raster.test.js
index 5f4d3928ad..510b357750 100644
--- a/test/spec/ol/source/raster.test.js
+++ b/test/spec/ol/source/raster.test.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import Map from '../../../../src/ol/Map.js';
 import TileState from '../../../../src/ol/TileState.js';
 import View from '../../../../src/ol/View.js';
 import ImageLayer from '../../../../src/ol/layer/Image.js';
-import VectorLayer from '../../../../src/ol/layer/Vector.js';
+import VectorImageLayer from '../../../../src/ol/layer/VectorImage.js';
 import Projection from '../../../../src/ol/proj/Projection.js';
 import Static from '../../../../src/ol/source/ImageStatic.js';
 import RasterSource from '../../../../src/ol/source/Raster.js';
@@ -47,8 +47,7 @@ where('Uint8ClampedArray').describe('ol.source.Raster', function() {
       imageExtent: extent
     });
 
-    blueSource = new VectorLayer({
-      renderMode: 'image',
+    blueSource = new VectorImageLayer({
       source: new VectorSource({
         features: [new Feature(new Point([0, 0]))]
       }),