diff --git a/src/ol/format/GML3.js b/src/ol/format/GML3.js
index acbc25d586..fb96ad509d 100644
--- a/src/ol/format/GML3.js
+++ b/src/ol/format/GML3.js
@@ -828,7 +828,7 @@ class GML3 extends GMLBase {
    */
   MULTIGEOMETRY_MEMBER_NODE_FACTORY_(value, objectStack, opt_nodeName) {
     const parentNode = objectStack[objectStack.length - 1].node;
-    return createElementNS('http://www.opengis.net/gml',
+    return createElementNS(this.namespace,
       MULTIGEOMETRY_TO_MEMBER_NODENAME[parentNode.nodeName]);
   }
 
@@ -861,7 +861,7 @@ class GML3 extends GMLBase {
     } else {
       nodeName = 'Envelope';
     }
-    return createElementNS('http://www.opengis.net/gml',
+    return createElementNS(this.namespace,
       nodeName);
   }
 
@@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ class GML3 extends GMLBase {
    */
   writeGeometryNode(geometry, opt_options) {
     opt_options = this.adaptOptions(opt_options);
-    const geom = createElementNS('http://www.opengis.net/gml', 'geom');
+    const geom = createElementNS(this.namespace, 'geom');
     const context = {node: geom, hasZ: this.hasZ, srsName: this.srsName,
       curve: this.curve_, surface: this.surface_,
       multiSurface: this.multiSurface_, multiCurve: this.multiCurve_};
@@ -898,7 +898,7 @@ class GML3 extends GMLBase {
    */
   writeFeaturesNode(features, opt_options) {
     opt_options = this.adaptOptions(opt_options);
-    const node = createElementNS('http://www.opengis.net/gml', 'featureMembers');
+    const node = createElementNS(this.namespace, 'featureMembers');
     node.setAttributeNS(XML_SCHEMA_INSTANCE_URI, 'xsi:schemaLocation', this.schemaLocation);
     const context = {
       srsName: this.srsName,
diff --git a/src/ol/format/GML32.js b/src/ol/format/GML32.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2d30d4b776
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ol/format/GML32.js
@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+/**
+ * @module ol/format/GML32
+ */
+import GML3 from './GML3.js';
+import GMLBase from './GML3.js';
+import {makeArrayPusher, makeReplacer, makeChildAppender} from '../xml.js';
+import {writeStringTextNode} from '../format/xsd.js';
+
+/**
+ * @classdesc Feature format for reading and writing data in the GML format
+ *            version 3.2.1.
+ * @api
+ */
+class GML32 extends GML3 {
+
+  /**
+   * @param {module:ol/format/GMLBase~Options=} opt_options Optional configuration object.
+   */
+  constructor(opt_options) {
+    const options = /** @type {olx.format.GMLOptions} */
+            (opt_options ? opt_options : {});
+
+    super(options);
+
+    /**
+      * @inheritDoc
+      */
+    this.schemaLocation = options.schemaLocation ?
+      options.schemaLocation : this.namespace + ' http://schemas.opengis.net/gml/3.2.1/gml.xsd';
+
+  }
+}
+
+GML32.prototype.namespace = 'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2';
+
+/**
+ * @const
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, XmlParser>>}
+ * @private
+ */
+GML32.prototype.GEOMETRY_FLAT_COORDINATES_PARSERS_ = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'pos': makeReplacer(GML3.prototype.readFlatPos_),
+    'posList': makeReplacer(GML3.prototype.readFlatPosList_)
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @const
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, XmlParser>>}
+ * @private
+ */
+GML32.prototype.FLAT_LINEAR_RINGS_PARSERS_ = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'interior': GML3.prototype.interiorParser_,
+    'exterior': GML3.prototype.exteriorParser_
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @const
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, XmlParser>>}
+ * @private
+ */
+GML32.prototype.GEOMETRY_PARSERS_ = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'Point': makeReplacer(GMLBase.prototype.readPoint),
+    'MultiPoint': makeReplacer(
+      GMLBase.prototype.readMultiPoint),
+    'LineString': makeReplacer(
+      GMLBase.prototype.readLineString),
+    'MultiLineString': makeReplacer(
+      GMLBase.prototype.readMultiLineString),
+    'LinearRing': makeReplacer(
+      GMLBase.prototype.readLinearRing),
+    'Polygon': makeReplacer(GMLBase.prototype.readPolygon),
+    'MultiPolygon': makeReplacer(
+      GMLBase.prototype.readMultiPolygon),
+    'Surface': makeReplacer(GML32.prototype.readSurface_),
+    'MultiSurface': makeReplacer(
+      GML3.prototype.readMultiSurface_),
+    'Curve': makeReplacer(GML32.prototype.readCurve_),
+    'MultiCurve': makeReplacer(
+      GML3.prototype.readMultiCurve_),
+    'Envelope': makeReplacer(GML32.prototype.readEnvelope_)
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @const
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, XmlParser>>}
+ * @private
+ */
+GML32.prototype.MULTICURVE_PARSERS_ = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'curveMember': makeArrayPusher(
+      GML3.prototype.curveMemberParser_),
+    'curveMembers': makeArrayPusher(
+      GML3.prototype.curveMemberParser_)
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @const
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, XmlParser>>}
+ * @private
+ */
+GML32.prototype.MULTISURFACE_PARSERS_ = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'surfaceMember': makeArrayPusher(
+      GML3.prototype.surfaceMemberParser_),
+    'surfaceMembers': makeArrayPusher(
+      GML3.prototype.surfaceMemberParser_)
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @const
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, XmlParser>>}
+ * @private
+ */
+GML32.prototype.CURVEMEMBER_PARSERS_ = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'LineString': makeArrayPusher(
+      GMLBase.prototype.readLineString),
+    'Curve': makeArrayPusher(GML3.prototype.readCurve_)
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @const
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, XmlParser>>}
+ * @private
+ */
+GML32.prototype.SURFACEMEMBER_PARSERS_ = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'Polygon': makeArrayPusher(GMLBase.prototype.readPolygon),
+    'Surface': makeArrayPusher(GML3.prototype.readSurface_)
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @const
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, XmlParser>>}
+ * @private
+ */
+GML32.prototype.SURFACE_PARSERS_ = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'patches': makeReplacer(GML3.prototype.readPatch_)
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @const
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, XmlParser>>}
+ * @private
+ */
+GML32.prototype.CURVE_PARSERS_ = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'segments': makeReplacer(GML3.prototype.readSegment_)
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @const
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, XmlParser>>}
+ * @private
+ */
+GML32.prototype.ENVELOPE_PARSERS_ = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'lowerCorner': makeArrayPusher(
+      GML3.prototype.readFlatPosList_),
+    'upperCorner': makeArrayPusher(
+      GML3.prototype.readFlatPosList_)
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @const
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, XmlParser>>}
+ * @private
+ */
+GML32.prototype.PATCHES_PARSERS_ = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'PolygonPatch': makeReplacer(
+      GML3.prototype.readPolygonPatch_)
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @const
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, XmlParser>>}
+ * @private
+ */
+GML32.prototype.SEGMENTS_PARSERS_ = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'LineStringSegment': makeReplacer(
+      GML3.prototype.readLineStringSegment_)
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @const
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, XmlParser>>}
+ * @private
+ */
+GML32.prototype.MULTIPOINT_PARSERS_ = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'pointMember': makeArrayPusher(
+      GMLBase.prototype.pointMemberParser_),
+    'pointMembers': makeArrayPusher(
+      GMLBase.prototype.pointMemberParser_)
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @const
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, XmlParser>>}
+ * @private
+ */
+GML32.prototype.MULTILINESTRING_PARSERS_ = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'lineStringMember': makeArrayPusher(
+      GMLBase.prototype.lineStringMemberParser_),
+    'lineStringMembers': makeArrayPusher(
+      GMLBase.prototype.lineStringMemberParser_)
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @const
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, XmlParser>>}
+ * @private
+ */
+GML32.prototype.MULTIPOLYGON_PARSERS_ = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'polygonMember': makeArrayPusher(
+      GMLBase.prototype.polygonMemberParser_),
+    'polygonMembers': makeArrayPusher(
+      GMLBase.prototype.polygonMemberParser_)
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @const
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, XmlParser>>}
+ * @private
+ */
+GML32.prototype.POINTMEMBER_PARSERS_ = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'Point': makeArrayPusher(
+      GMLBase.prototype.readFlatCoordinatesFromNode_)
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @const
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, XmlParser>>}
+ * @private
+ */
+GML32.prototype.LINESTRINGMEMBER_PARSERS_ = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'LineString': makeArrayPusher(
+      GMLBase.prototype.readLineString)
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @const
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, XmlParser>>}
+ * @private
+ */
+GML32.prototype.POLYGONMEMBER_PARSERS_ = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'Polygon': makeArrayPusher(
+      GMLBase.prototype.readPolygon)
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @const
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, XmlParser>>}
+ * @protected
+ */
+GML32.prototype.RING_PARSERS = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'LinearRing': makeReplacer(
+      GMLBase.prototype.readFlatLinearRing_)
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, module:ol/xml~Serializer>>}
+ * @private
+ */
+GML32.prototype.RING_SERIALIZERS_ = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'exterior': makeChildAppender(GML3.prototype.writeRing_),
+    'interior': makeChildAppender(GML3.prototype.writeRing_)
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, module:ol/xml~Serializer>>}
+ * @private
+ */
+GML32.prototype.ENVELOPE_SERIALIZERS_ = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'lowerCorner': makeChildAppender(writeStringTextNode),
+    'upperCorner': makeChildAppender(writeStringTextNode)
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, module:ol/xml~Serializer>>}
+ * @private
+ */
+GML32.prototype.SURFACEORPOLYGONMEMBER_SERIALIZERS_ = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'surfaceMember': makeChildAppender(
+      GML3.prototype.writeSurfaceOrPolygonMember_),
+    'polygonMember': makeChildAppender(
+      GML3.prototype.writeSurfaceOrPolygonMember_)
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, module:ol/xml~Serializer>>}
+ * @private
+ */
+GML32.prototype.POINTMEMBER_SERIALIZERS_ = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'pointMember': makeChildAppender(
+      GML3.prototype.writePointMember_)
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, module:ol/xml~Serializer>>}
+ * @private
+ */
+GML32.prototype.LINESTRINGORCURVEMEMBER_SERIALIZERS_ = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'lineStringMember': makeChildAppender(
+      GML3.prototype.writeLineStringOrCurveMember_),
+    'curveMember': makeChildAppender(
+      GML3.prototype.writeLineStringOrCurveMember_)
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @type {Object.<string, Object.<string, module:ol/xml~Serializer>>}
+ * @private
+ */
+GML32.prototype.GEOMETRY_SERIALIZERS_ = {
+  'http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2': {
+    'Curve': makeChildAppender(
+      GML3.prototype.writeCurveOrLineString_),
+    'MultiCurve': makeChildAppender(
+      GML3.prototype.writeMultiCurveOrLineString_),
+    'Point': makeChildAppender(GML32.prototype.writePoint_),
+    'MultiPoint': makeChildAppender(
+      GML3.prototype.writeMultiPoint_),
+    'LineString': makeChildAppender(
+      GML3.prototype.writeCurveOrLineString_),
+    'MultiLineString': makeChildAppender(
+      GML3.prototype.writeMultiCurveOrLineString_),
+    'LinearRing': makeChildAppender(
+      GML3.prototype.writeLinearRing_),
+    'Polygon': makeChildAppender(
+      GML3.prototype.writeSurfaceOrPolygon_),
+    'MultiPolygon': makeChildAppender(
+      GML3.prototype.writeMultiSurfaceOrPolygon_),
+    'Surface': makeChildAppender(
+      GML3.prototype.writeSurfaceOrPolygon_),
+    'MultiSurface': makeChildAppender(
+      GML3.prototype.writeMultiSurfaceOrPolygon_),
+    'Envelope': makeChildAppender(
+      GML3.prototype.writeEnvelope)
+  }
+};
+
+export default GML32;
diff --git a/src/ol/format/GMLBase.js b/src/ol/format/GMLBase.js
index 067231e3de..c85107bca3 100644
--- a/src/ol/format/GMLBase.js
+++ b/src/ol/format/GMLBase.js
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class GMLBase extends XMLFeature {
      * @type {Object<string, Object<string, Object>>}
      */
     this.FEATURE_COLLECTION_PARSERS = {};
-    this.FEATURE_COLLECTION_PARSERS[GMLNS] = {
+    this.FEATURE_COLLECTION_PARSERS[this.namespace] = {
       'featureMember': makeArrayPusher(this.readFeaturesInternal),
       'featureMembers': makeReplacer(this.readFeaturesInternal)
     };
@@ -466,6 +466,9 @@ class GMLBase extends XMLFeature {
 }
 
 
+GMLBase.prototype.namespace = GMLNS;
+
+
 /**
  * @const
  * @type {Object<string, Object<string, import("../xml.js").Parser>>}
diff --git a/test/spec/ol/format/gml.test.js b/test/spec/ol/format/gml.test.js
index db26b86ea6..d0355c6f6e 100644
--- a/test/spec/ol/format/gml.test.js
+++ b/test/spec/ol/format/gml.test.js
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import Feature from '../../../../src/ol/Feature.js';
 import GML from '../../../../src/ol/format/GML.js';
 import GML2 from '../../../../src/ol/format/GML2.js';
+import GML32 from '../../../../src/ol/format/GML32.js';
 import LineString from '../../../../src/ol/geom/LineString.js';
 import LinearRing from '../../../../src/ol/geom/LinearRing.js';
 import MultiLineString from '../../../../src/ol/geom/MultiLineString.js';
@@ -1601,3 +1602,861 @@ describe('ol.format.GML3', function() {
   });
 
 });
+
+
+describe('ol.format.GML32', function() {
+
+  let format, formatWGS84, formatNoSrs;
+  beforeEach(function() {
+    format = new GML32({srsName: 'CRS:84'});
+    formatWGS84 = new GML32({
+      srsName: 'urn:x-ogc:def:crs:EPSG:4326'
+    });
+    formatNoSrs = new GML32();
+  });
+
+  describe('#readGeometry', function() {
+
+    describe('point', function() {
+
+      it('can read and write a point geometry', function() {
+        const text =
+                '<gml:Point xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '  <gml:pos srsDimension="2">1 2</gml:pos>' +
+                '</gml:Point>';
+        const g = readGeometry(format, text);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(Point);
+        expect(g.getCoordinates()).to.eql([1, 2, 0]);
+        const serialized = format.writeGeometryNode(g);
+        expect(serialized.firstElementChild).to.xmleql(parse(text));
+      });
+
+      it('can read a point geometry with scientific notation', function() {
+        let text =
+                '<gml:Point xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '  <gml:pos>1E7 2</gml:pos>' +
+                '</gml:Point>';
+        let g = readGeometry(format, text);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(Point);
+        expect(g.getCoordinates()).to.eql([10000000, 2, 0]);
+        text =
+                '<gml:Point xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '  <gml:pos>1e7 2</gml:pos>' +
+                '</gml:Point>';
+        g = readGeometry(format, text);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(Point);
+        expect(g.getCoordinates()).to.eql([10000000, 2, 0]);
+      });
+
+      it('can read, transform and write a point geometry', function() {
+        const config = {
+          featureProjection: 'EPSG:3857'
+        };
+        const text =
+                '<gml:Point xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '  <gml:pos>1 2</gml:pos>' +
+                '</gml:Point>';
+        const g = readGeometry(format, text, config);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(Point);
+        const coordinates = g.getCoordinates();
+        expect(coordinates.splice(0, 2)).to.eql(
+          transform([1, 2], 'CRS:84', 'EPSG:3857'));
+        config.dataProjection = 'CRS:84';
+        const serialized = format.writeGeometryNode(g, config);
+        const pos = serialized.firstElementChild.firstElementChild.textContent;
+        const coordinate = pos.split(' ');
+        expect(coordinate[0]).to.roughlyEqual(1, 1e-9);
+        expect(coordinate[1]).to.roughlyEqual(2, 1e-9);
+      });
+
+      it('can detect SRS, read and transform a point geometry', function() {
+        const config = {
+          featureProjection: 'EPSG:3857'
+        };
+        const text =
+                '<gml:Point xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '  <gml:pos>1 2</gml:pos>' +
+                '</gml:Point>';
+        const g = readGeometry(formatNoSrs, text, config);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(Point);
+        const coordinates = g.getCoordinates();
+        expect(coordinates.splice(0, 2)).to.eql(
+          transform([1, 2], 'CRS:84', 'EPSG:3857'));
+      });
+
+      it('can read and write a point geometry in EPSG:4326', function() {
+        const text =
+                '<gml:Point xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="urn:x-ogc:def:crs:EPSG:4326">' +
+                '  <gml:pos srsDimension="2">2 1</gml:pos>' +
+                '</gml:Point>';
+        const g = readGeometry(formatWGS84, text);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(Point);
+        expect(g.getCoordinates()).to.eql([1, 2, 0]);
+        const serialized = formatWGS84.writeGeometryNode(g);
+        expect(serialized.firstElementChild).to.xmleql(parse(text));
+      });
+
+    });
+
+    describe('linestring', function() {
+
+      it('can read and write a linestring geometry', function() {
+        const text =
+                '<gml:LineString xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '  <gml:posList srsDimension="2">1 2 3 4</gml:posList>' +
+                '</gml:LineString>';
+        const g = readGeometry(format, text);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(LineString);
+        expect(g.getCoordinates()).to.eql([[1, 2, 0], [3, 4, 0]]);
+        const serialized = format.writeGeometryNode(g);
+        expect(serialized.firstElementChild).to.xmleql(parse(text));
+      });
+
+      it('can read, transform and write a linestring geometry', function() {
+        const config = {
+          dataProjection: 'CRS:84',
+          featureProjection: 'EPSG:3857'
+        };
+        const text =
+                '<gml:LineString xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '  <gml:posList>1 2 3 4</gml:posList>' +
+                '</gml:LineString>';
+        const g = readGeometry(format, text, config);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(LineString);
+        const coordinates = g.getCoordinates();
+        expect(coordinates[0].slice(0, 2)).to.eql(
+          transform([1, 2], 'CRS:84', 'EPSG:3857'));
+        expect(coordinates[1].slice(0, 2)).to.eql(
+          transform([3, 4], 'CRS:84', 'EPSG:3857'));
+        const serialized = format.writeGeometryNode(g, config);
+        const poss = serialized.firstElementChild.firstElementChild.textContent;
+        const coordinate = poss.split(' ');
+        expect(coordinate[0]).to.roughlyEqual(1, 1e-9);
+        expect(coordinate[1]).to.roughlyEqual(2, 1e-9);
+        expect(coordinate[2]).to.roughlyEqual(3, 1e-9);
+        expect(coordinate[3]).to.roughlyEqual(4, 1e-9);
+      });
+
+      it('can read and write a linestring geometry in EPSG:4326', function() {
+        const text =
+                '<gml:LineString xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="urn:x-ogc:def:crs:EPSG:4326">' +
+                '  <gml:posList srsDimension="2">2 1 4 3</gml:posList>' +
+                '</gml:LineString>';
+        const g = readGeometry(formatWGS84, text);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(LineString);
+        expect(g.getCoordinates()).to.eql([[1, 2, 0], [3, 4, 0]]);
+        const serialized = formatWGS84.writeGeometryNode(g);
+        expect(serialized.firstElementChild).to.xmleql(parse(text));
+      });
+
+    });
+
+    describe('axis order', function() {
+
+      it('can read and write a linestring geometry with ' +
+              'correct axis order',
+      function() {
+        const text =
+                    '<gml:LineString xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                    '    srsName="urn:x-ogc:def:crs:EPSG:4326">' +
+                    ' <gml:posList srsDimension="2">-90 -180 90 180</gml:posList>' +
+                    '</gml:LineString>';
+        const g = readGeometry(format, text);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(LineString);
+        expect(g.getCoordinates()).to.eql([[-180, -90, 0], [180, 90, 0]]);
+        const serialized = formatWGS84.writeGeometryNode(g);
+        expect(serialized.firstElementChild).to.xmleql(parse(text));
+      });
+
+      it('can read and write a point geometry with correct axis order',
+        function() {
+          const text =
+                    '<gml:Point xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                    '    srsName="urn:x-ogc:def:crs:EPSG:4326">' +
+                    '  <gml:pos srsDimension="2">-90 -180</gml:pos>' +
+                    '</gml:Point>';
+          const g = readGeometry(format, text);
+          expect(g).to.be.an(Point);
+          expect(g.getCoordinates()).to.eql([-180, -90, 0]);
+          const serialized = formatWGS84.writeGeometryNode(g);
+          expect(serialized.firstElementChild).to.xmleql(parse(text));
+        });
+
+      it('can read and write a surface geometry with right axis order',
+        function() {
+          const text =
+                    '<gml:MultiSurface xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                    '    srsName="urn:x-ogc:def:crs:EPSG:4326">' +
+                    '  <gml:surfaceMember>' +
+                    '    <gml:Polygon srsName="urn:x-ogc:def:crs:EPSG:4326">' +
+                    '      <gml:exterior>' +
+                    '        <gml:LinearRing srsName=' +
+                    '          "urn:x-ogc:def:crs:EPSG:4326">' +
+                    '          <gml:posList srsDimension="2">' +
+                    '          38.9661 -77.0081 38.9931 -77.0421 ' +
+                    '          38.9321 -77.1221 38.9151 -77.0781 38.8861 ' +
+                    '          -77.0671 38.8621 -77.0391 38.8381 -77.0401 ' +
+                    '          38.8291 -77.0451 38.8131 -77.0351 38.7881 ' +
+                    '          -77.0451 38.8891 -76.9111 38.9661 -77.0081' +
+                    '          </gml:posList>' +
+                    '        </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                    '      </gml:exterior>' +
+                    '    </gml:Polygon>' +
+                    '  </gml:surfaceMember>' +
+                    '</gml:MultiSurface>';
+          const g = readGeometry(format, text);
+          expect(g.getCoordinates()[0][0][0][0]).to.equal(-77.0081);
+          expect(g.getCoordinates()[0][0][0][1]).to.equal(38.9661);
+          format = new GML32({
+            srsName: 'urn:x-ogc:def:crs:EPSG:4326',
+            surface: false});
+          const serialized = format.writeGeometryNode(g);
+          expect(serialized.firstElementChild).to.xmleql(parse(text));
+        });
+
+    });
+
+    describe('linestring 3D', function() {
+
+      it('can read a linestring 3D geometry', function() {
+        const text =
+                '<gml:LineString xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="CRS:84" srsDimension="3">' +
+                '  <gml:posList>1 2 3 4 5 6</gml:posList>' +
+                '</gml:LineString>';
+        const g = readGeometry(format, text);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(LineString);
+        expect(g.getCoordinates()).to.eql([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]);
+      });
+
+    });
+
+    describe('linearring', function() {
+
+      it('can read and write a linearring geometry', function() {
+        const text =
+                '<gml:LinearRing xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '  <gml:posList srsDimension="2">1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2</gml:posList>' +
+                '</gml:LinearRing>';
+        const g = readGeometry(format, text);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(LinearRing);
+        expect(g.getCoordinates()).to.eql(
+          [[1, 2, 0], [3, 4, 0], [5, 6, 0], [1, 2, 0]]);
+        const serialized = format.writeGeometryNode(g);
+        expect(serialized.firstElementChild).to.xmleql(parse(text));
+      });
+
+    });
+
+    describe('polygon', function() {
+
+      it('can read and write a polygon geometry', function() {
+        const text =
+                '<gml:Polygon xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '  <gml:exterior>' +
+                '    <gml:LinearRing srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '     <gml:posList srsDimension="2">1 2 3 2 3 4 1 2</gml:posList>' +
+                '    </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '  </gml:exterior>' +
+                '  <gml:interior>' +
+                '    <gml:LinearRing srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '     <gml:posList srsDimension="2">2 3 2 5 4 5 2 3</gml:posList>' +
+                '    </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '  </gml:interior>' +
+                '  <gml:interior>' +
+                '    <gml:LinearRing srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '     <gml:posList srsDimension="2">3 4 3 6 5 6 3 4</gml:posList>' +
+                '    </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '  </gml:interior>' +
+                '</gml:Polygon>';
+        const g = readGeometry(format, text);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(Polygon);
+        expect(g.getCoordinates()).to.eql([[[1, 2, 0], [3, 2, 0], [3, 4, 0],
+          [1, 2, 0]], [[2, 3, 0], [2, 5, 0], [4, 5, 0], [2, 3, 0]],
+        [[3, 4, 0], [3, 6, 0], [5, 6, 0], [3, 4, 0]]]);
+        const serialized = format.writeGeometryNode(g);
+        expect(serialized.firstElementChild).to.xmleql(parse(text));
+      });
+
+    });
+
+    describe('surface', function() {
+
+      it('can read and write a surface geometry', function() {
+        const text =
+                '<gml:Surface xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '  <gml:patches>' +
+                '    <gml:PolygonPatch>' +
+                '      <gml:exterior>' +
+                '        <gml:LinearRing srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '          <gml:posList srsDimension="2">' +
+                '            1 2 3 2 3 4 1 2' +
+                '          </gml:posList>' +
+                '        </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '      </gml:exterior>' +
+                '      <gml:interior>' +
+                '        <gml:LinearRing srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '          <gml:posList srsDimension="2">' +
+                '            2 3 2 5 4 5 2 3' +
+                '          </gml:posList>' +
+                '        </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '      </gml:interior>' +
+                '      <gml:interior>' +
+                '        <gml:LinearRing srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '          <gml:posList srsDimension="2">' +
+                '            3 4 3 6 5 6 3 4' +
+                '          </gml:posList>' +
+                '        </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '      </gml:interior>' +
+                '    </gml:PolygonPatch>' +
+                '  </gml:patches>' +
+                '</gml:Surface>';
+        const g = readGeometry(format, text);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(Polygon);
+        expect(g.getCoordinates()).to.eql([[[1, 2, 0], [3, 2, 0], [3, 4, 0],
+          [1, 2, 0]], [[2, 3, 0], [2, 5, 0], [4, 5, 0], [2, 3, 0]],
+        [[3, 4, 0], [3, 6, 0], [5, 6, 0], [3, 4, 0]]]);
+        format = new GML32({srsName: 'CRS:84', surface: true});
+        const serialized = format.writeGeometryNode(g);
+        expect(serialized.firstElementChild).to.xmleql(parse(text));
+      });
+
+    });
+
+    describe('curve', function() {
+
+      it('can read and write a curve geometry', function() {
+        const text =
+                '<gml:Curve xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '  <gml:segments>' +
+                '    <gml:LineStringSegment>' +
+                '      <gml:posList srsDimension="2">1 2 3 4</gml:posList>' +
+                '    </gml:LineStringSegment>' +
+                '  </gml:segments>' +
+                '</gml:Curve>';
+        const g = readGeometry(format, text);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(LineString);
+        expect(g.getCoordinates()).to.eql([[1, 2, 0], [3, 4, 0]]);
+        format = new GML32({srsName: 'CRS:84', curve: true});
+        const serialized = format.writeGeometryNode(g);
+        expect(serialized.firstElementChild).to.xmleql(parse(text));
+      });
+
+    });
+
+    describe('envelope', function() {
+
+      it('can read an envelope geometry', function() {
+        const text =
+                '<gml:Envelope xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '  <gml:lowerCorner>1 2</gml:lowerCorner>' +
+                '  <gml:upperCorner>3 4</gml:upperCorner>' +
+                '</gml:Envelope>';
+        const g = readGeometry(format, text);
+        expect(g).to.eql([1, 2, 3, 4]);
+      });
+
+    });
+
+    describe('multipoint', function() {
+
+      it('can read and write a singular multipoint geometry', function() {
+        const text =
+                '<gml:MultiPoint xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '  <gml:pointMember>' +
+                '    <gml:Point srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '      <gml:pos srsDimension="2">1 2</gml:pos>' +
+                '    </gml:Point>' +
+                '  </gml:pointMember>' +
+                '  <gml:pointMember>' +
+                '    <gml:Point srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '      <gml:pos srsDimension="2">2 3</gml:pos>' +
+                '    </gml:Point>' +
+                '  </gml:pointMember>' +
+                '  <gml:pointMember>' +
+                '    <gml:Point srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '      <gml:pos srsDimension="2">3 4</gml:pos>' +
+                '    </gml:Point>' +
+                '  </gml:pointMember>' +
+                '</gml:MultiPoint>';
+        const g = readGeometry(format, text);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(MultiPoint);
+        expect(g.getCoordinates()).to.eql([[1, 2, 0], [2, 3, 0], [3, 4, 0]]);
+        const serialized = format.writeGeometryNode(g);
+        expect(serialized.firstElementChild).to.xmleql(parse(text));
+      });
+
+      it('can read a plural multipoint geometry', function() {
+        const text =
+                '<gml:MultiPoint xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '  <gml:pointMembers>' +
+                '    <gml:Point>' +
+                '      <gml:pos>1 2</gml:pos>' +
+                '    </gml:Point>' +
+                '    <gml:Point>' +
+                '      <gml:pos>2 3</gml:pos>' +
+                '    </gml:Point>' +
+                '    <gml:Point>' +
+                '      <gml:pos>3 4</gml:pos>' +
+                '    </gml:Point>' +
+                '  </gml:pointMembers>' +
+                '</gml:MultiPoint>';
+        const g = readGeometry(format, text);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(MultiPoint);
+        expect(g.getCoordinates()).to.eql([[1, 2, 0], [2, 3, 0], [3, 4, 0]]);
+      });
+
+    });
+
+    describe('multilinestring', function() {
+
+      it('can read and write a singular multilinestring geometry', function() {
+        const text =
+                '<gml:MultiLineString xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '  <gml:lineStringMember>' +
+                '    <gml:LineString srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '      <gml:posList srsDimension="2">1 2 2 3</gml:posList>' +
+                '    </gml:LineString>' +
+                '  </gml:lineStringMember>' +
+                '  <gml:lineStringMember>' +
+                '    <gml:LineString srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '      <gml:posList srsDimension="2">3 4 4 5</gml:posList>' +
+                '    </gml:LineString>' +
+                '  </gml:lineStringMember>' +
+                '</gml:MultiLineString>';
+        const g = readGeometry(format, text);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(MultiLineString);
+        expect(g.getCoordinates()).to.eql(
+          [[[1, 2, 0], [2, 3, 0]], [[3, 4, 0], [4, 5, 0]]]);
+        format = new GML32({srsName: 'CRS:84', multiCurve: false});
+        const serialized = format.writeGeometryNode(g);
+        expect(serialized.firstElementChild).to.xmleql(parse(text));
+      });
+
+      it('can read a plural multilinestring geometry', function() {
+        const text =
+                '<gml:MultiLineString xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '  <gml:lineStringMembers>' +
+                '    <gml:LineString>' +
+                '      <gml:posList>1 2 2 3</gml:posList>' +
+                '    </gml:LineString>' +
+                '    <gml:LineString>' +
+                '      <gml:posList>3 4 4 5</gml:posList>' +
+                '    </gml:LineString>' +
+                '  </gml:lineStringMembers>' +
+                '</gml:MultiLineString>';
+        const g = readGeometry(format, text);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(MultiLineString);
+        expect(g.getCoordinates()).to.eql(
+          [[[1, 2, 0], [2, 3, 0]], [[3, 4, 0], [4, 5, 0]]]);
+      });
+
+    });
+
+    describe('multipolygon', function() {
+
+      it('can read and write a singular multipolygon geometry', function() {
+        const text =
+                '<gml:MultiPolygon xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '  <gml:polygonMember>' +
+                '    <gml:Polygon srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '      <gml:exterior>' +
+                '        <gml:LinearRing srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '          <gml:posList srsDimension="2">' +
+                '            1 2 3 2 3 4 1 2' +
+                '          </gml:posList>' +
+                '        </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '      </gml:exterior>' +
+                '      <gml:interior>' +
+                '        <gml:LinearRing srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '          <gml:posList srsDimension="2">' +
+                '            2 3 2 5 4 5 2 3' +
+                '          </gml:posList>' +
+                '        </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '      </gml:interior>' +
+                '      <gml:interior>' +
+                '        <gml:LinearRing srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '          <gml:posList srsDimension="2">' +
+                '            3 4 3 6 5 6 3 4' +
+                '          </gml:posList>' +
+                '        </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '      </gml:interior>' +
+                '    </gml:Polygon>' +
+                '  </gml:polygonMember>' +
+                '  <gml:polygonMember>' +
+                '    <gml:Polygon srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '      <gml:exterior>' +
+                '        <gml:LinearRing srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '          <gml:posList srsDimension="2">' +
+                '            1 2 3 2 3 4 1 2' +
+                '          </gml:posList>' +
+                '        </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '      </gml:exterior>' +
+                '    </gml:Polygon>' +
+                '  </gml:polygonMember>' +
+                '</gml:MultiPolygon>';
+        const g = readGeometry(format, text);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(MultiPolygon);
+        expect(g.getCoordinates()).to.eql([
+          [[[1, 2, 0], [3, 2, 0], [3, 4, 0],
+            [1, 2, 0]], [[2, 3, 0], [2, 5, 0], [4, 5, 0], [2, 3, 0]],
+          [[3, 4, 0], [3, 6, 0], [5, 6, 0], [3, 4, 0]]],
+          [[[1, 2, 0], [3, 2, 0], [3, 4, 0], [1, 2, 0]]]]);
+        format = new GML32({srsName: 'CRS:84', multiSurface: false});
+        const serialized = format.writeGeometryNode(g);
+        expect(serialized.firstElementChild).to.xmleql(parse(text));
+      });
+
+      it('can read a plural multipolygon geometry', function() {
+        const text =
+                '<gml:MultiPolygon xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '  <gml:polygonMembers>' +
+                '    <gml:Polygon>' +
+                '      <gml:exterior>' +
+                '        <gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '          <gml:posList>1 2 3 2 3 4 1 2</gml:posList>' +
+                '        </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '      </gml:exterior>' +
+                '      <gml:interior>' +
+                '        <gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '          <gml:posList>2 3 2 5 4 5 2 3</gml:posList>' +
+                '        </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '      </gml:interior>' +
+                '      <gml:interior>' +
+                '        <gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '          <gml:posList>3 4 3 6 5 6 3 4</gml:posList>' +
+                '        </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '      </gml:interior>' +
+                '    </gml:Polygon>' +
+                '    <gml:Polygon>' +
+                '      <gml:exterior>' +
+                '        <gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '          <gml:posList>1 2 3 2 3 4 1 2</gml:posList>' +
+                '        </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '      </gml:exterior>' +
+                '    </gml:Polygon>' +
+                '  </gml:polygonMembers>' +
+                '</gml:MultiPolygon>';
+        const g = readGeometry(format, text);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(MultiPolygon);
+        expect(g.getCoordinates()).to.eql([
+          [[[1, 2, 0], [3, 2, 0], [3, 4, 0],
+            [1, 2, 0]], [[2, 3, 0], [2, 5, 0], [4, 5, 0], [2, 3, 0]],
+          [[3, 4, 0], [3, 6, 0], [5, 6, 0], [3, 4, 0]]],
+          [[[1, 2, 0], [3, 2, 0], [3, 4, 0], [1, 2, 0]]]]);
+      });
+
+    });
+
+    describe('multicurve', function() {
+
+      it('can read and write a singular multicurve-linestring geometry',
+        function() {
+          const text =
+                    '<gml:MultiCurve xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                    '    srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                    '  <gml:curveMember>' +
+                    '    <gml:LineString srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                    '      <gml:posList srsDimension="2">1 2 2 3</gml:posList>' +
+                    '    </gml:LineString>' +
+                    '  </gml:curveMember>' +
+                    '  <gml:curveMember>' +
+                    '    <gml:LineString srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                    '      <gml:posList srsDimension="2">3 4 4 5</gml:posList>' +
+                    '    </gml:LineString>' +
+                    '  </gml:curveMember>' +
+                    '</gml:MultiCurve>';
+          const g = readGeometry(format, text);
+          expect(g).to.be.an(MultiLineString);
+          expect(g.getCoordinates()).to.eql(
+            [[[1, 2, 0], [2, 3, 0]], [[3, 4, 0], [4, 5, 0]]]);
+          const serialized = format.writeGeometryNode(g);
+          expect(serialized.firstElementChild).to.xmleql(parse(text));
+        });
+
+      it('can read and write a singular multicurve-curve geometry', function() {
+        const text =
+                '<gml:MultiCurve xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '  <gml:curveMember>' +
+                '    <gml:Curve srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '      <gml:segments>' +
+                '        <gml:LineStringSegment>' +
+                '          <gml:posList srsDimension="2">1 2 2 3</gml:posList>' +
+                '        </gml:LineStringSegment>' +
+                '      </gml:segments>' +
+                '    </gml:Curve>' +
+                '  </gml:curveMember>' +
+                '  <gml:curveMember>' +
+                '    <gml:Curve srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '      <gml:segments>' +
+                '        <gml:LineStringSegment>' +
+                '          <gml:posList srsDimension="2">3 4 4 5</gml:posList>' +
+                '        </gml:LineStringSegment>' +
+                '      </gml:segments>' +
+                '    </gml:Curve>' +
+                '  </gml:curveMember>' +
+                '</gml:MultiCurve>';
+        const g = readGeometry(format, text);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(MultiLineString);
+        expect(g.getCoordinates()).to.eql(
+          [[[1, 2, 0], [2, 3, 0]], [[3, 4, 0], [4, 5, 0]]]);
+        format = new GML32({srsName: 'CRS:84', curve: true});
+        const serialized = format.writeGeometryNode(g);
+        expect(serialized.firstElementChild).to.xmleql(parse(text));
+      });
+
+    });
+
+    describe('multisurface', function() {
+
+      it('can read and write a singular multisurface geometry', function() {
+        const text =
+                '<gml:MultiSurface xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '  <gml:surfaceMember>' +
+                '    <gml:Polygon srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '      <gml:exterior>' +
+                '        <gml:LinearRing srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '          <gml:posList srsDimension="2">' +
+                '            1 2 3 2 3 4 1 2' +
+                '          </gml:posList>' +
+                '        </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '      </gml:exterior>' +
+                '      <gml:interior>' +
+                '        <gml:LinearRing srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '          <gml:posList srsDimension="2">' +
+                '            2 3 2 5 4 5 2 3' +
+                '          </gml:posList>' +
+                '        </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '      </gml:interior>' +
+                '      <gml:interior>' +
+                '        <gml:LinearRing srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '          <gml:posList srsDimension="2">' +
+                '            3 4 3 6 5 6 3 4' +
+                '          </gml:posList>' +
+                '        </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '      </gml:interior>' +
+                '    </gml:Polygon>' +
+                '  </gml:surfaceMember>' +
+                '  <gml:surfaceMember>' +
+                '    <gml:Polygon srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '      <gml:exterior>' +
+                '        <gml:LinearRing srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '          <gml:posList srsDimension="2">' +
+                '            1 2 3 2 3 4 1 2' +
+                '          </gml:posList>' +
+                '        </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '      </gml:exterior>' +
+                '    </gml:Polygon>' +
+                '  </gml:surfaceMember>' +
+                '</gml:MultiSurface>';
+        const g = readGeometry(format, text);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(MultiPolygon);
+        expect(g.getCoordinates()).to.eql([
+          [[[1, 2, 0], [3, 2, 0], [3, 4, 0],
+            [1, 2, 0]], [[2, 3, 0], [2, 5, 0], [4, 5, 0], [2, 3, 0]],
+          [[3, 4, 0], [3, 6, 0], [5, 6, 0], [3, 4, 0]]],
+          [[[1, 2, 0], [3, 2, 0], [3, 4, 0], [1, 2, 0]]]]);
+        const serialized = format.writeGeometryNode(g);
+        expect(serialized.firstElementChild).to.xmleql(parse(text));
+      });
+
+      it('can read a plural multisurface geometry', function() {
+        const text =
+                '<gml:MultiSurface xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '  <gml:surfaceMembers>' +
+                '    <gml:Polygon>' +
+                '      <gml:exterior>' +
+                '        <gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '          <gml:posList>1 2 3 2 3 4 1 2</gml:posList>' +
+                '        </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '      </gml:exterior>' +
+                '      <gml:interior>' +
+                '        <gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '          <gml:posList>2 3 2 5 4 5 2 3</gml:posList>' +
+                '        </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '      </gml:interior>' +
+                '      <gml:interior>' +
+                '        <gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '          <gml:posList>3 4 3 6 5 6 3 4</gml:posList>' +
+                '        </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '      </gml:interior>' +
+                '    </gml:Polygon>' +
+                '  </gml:surfaceMembers>' +
+                '  <gml:surfaceMembers>' +
+                '    <gml:Polygon>' +
+                '      <gml:exterior>' +
+                '        <gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '          <gml:posList>1 2 3 2 3 4 1 2</gml:posList>' +
+                '        </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '      </gml:exterior>' +
+                '    </gml:Polygon>' +
+                '  </gml:surfaceMembers>' +
+                '</gml:MultiSurface>';
+        const g = readGeometry(format, text);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(MultiPolygon);
+        expect(g.getCoordinates()).to.eql([
+          [[[1, 2, 0], [3, 2, 0], [3, 4, 0],
+            [1, 2, 0]], [[2, 3, 0], [2, 5, 0], [4, 5, 0], [2, 3, 0]],
+          [[3, 4, 0], [3, 6, 0], [5, 6, 0], [3, 4, 0]]],
+          [[[1, 2, 0], [3, 2, 0], [3, 4, 0], [1, 2, 0]]]]);
+      });
+
+      it('can read and write a multisurface-surface geometry', function() {
+        const text =
+                '<gml:MultiSurface xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" ' +
+                '    srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '  <gml:surfaceMember>' +
+                '    <gml:Surface srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '      <gml:patches>' +
+                '        <gml:PolygonPatch>' +
+                '          <gml:exterior>' +
+                '            <gml:LinearRing srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '              <gml:posList srsDimension="2">' +
+                '                1 2 3 2 3 4 1 2' +
+                '              </gml:posList>' +
+                '            </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '          </gml:exterior>' +
+                '          <gml:interior>' +
+                '            <gml:LinearRing srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '              <gml:posList srsDimension="2">' +
+                '                2 3 2 5 4 5 2 3' +
+                '              </gml:posList>' +
+                '            </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '          </gml:interior>' +
+                '          <gml:interior>' +
+                '            <gml:LinearRing srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '              <gml:posList srsDimension="2">' +
+                '                3 4 3 6 5 6 3 4' +
+                '              </gml:posList>' +
+                '            </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '          </gml:interior>' +
+                '        </gml:PolygonPatch>' +
+                '      </gml:patches>' +
+                '    </gml:Surface>' +
+                '  </gml:surfaceMember>' +
+                '  <gml:surfaceMember>' +
+                '    <gml:Surface srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '      <gml:patches>' +
+                '        <gml:PolygonPatch>' +
+                '          <gml:exterior>' +
+                '            <gml:LinearRing srsName="CRS:84">' +
+                '              <gml:posList srsDimension="2">' +
+                '                1 2 3 2 3 4 1 2' +
+                '              </gml:posList>' +
+                '            </gml:LinearRing>' +
+                '          </gml:exterior>' +
+                '        </gml:PolygonPatch>' +
+                '      </gml:patches>' +
+                '    </gml:Surface>' +
+                '  </gml:surfaceMember>' +
+                '</gml:MultiSurface>';
+        const g = readGeometry(format, text);
+        expect(g).to.be.an(MultiPolygon);
+        expect(g.getCoordinates()).to.eql([
+          [[[1, 2, 0], [3, 2, 0], [3, 4, 0],
+            [1, 2, 0]], [[2, 3, 0], [2, 5, 0], [4, 5, 0], [2, 3, 0]],
+          [[3, 4, 0], [3, 6, 0], [5, 6, 0], [3, 4, 0]]],
+          [[[1, 2, 0], [3, 2, 0], [3, 4, 0], [1, 2, 0]]]]);
+        format = new GML32({srsName: 'CRS:84', surface: true});
+        const serialized = format.writeGeometryNode(g);
+        expect(serialized.firstElementChild).to.xmleql(parse(text));
+      });
+
+    });
+
+  });
+
+  describe('when parsing empty attribute', function() {
+    it('generates undefined value', function() {
+      const text =
+              '<gml:featureMembers xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2">' +
+              '  <topp:gnis_pop gml:id="gnis_pop.148604" xmlns:topp="' +
+              'http://www.openplans.org/topp">' +
+              '    <gml:name>Aflu</gml:name>' +
+              '    <topp:the_geom>' +
+              '      <gml:Point srsName="urn:x-ogc:def:crs:EPSG:4326">' +
+              '        <gml:pos>34.12 2.09</gml:pos>' +
+              '      </gml:Point>' +
+              '    </topp:the_geom>' +
+              '    <topp:population>84683</topp:population>' +
+              '    <topp:country>Algeria</topp:country>' +
+              '    <topp:type>place</topp:type>' +
+              '    <topp:name>Aflu</topp:name>' +
+              '    <topp:empty></topp:empty>' +
+              '  </topp:gnis_pop>' +
+              '</gml:featureMembers>';
+      const config = {
+        'featureNS': 'http://www.openplans.org/topp',
+        'featureType': 'gnis_pop'
+      };
+      const features = new GML32(config).readFeatures(text);
+      const feature = features[0];
+      expect(feature.get('empty')).to.be(undefined);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('when parsing CDATA attribute', function() {
+    let features;
+    before(function(done) {
+      try {
+        const text =
+                '<gml:featureMembers xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2">' +
+                '  <topp:gnis_pop gml:id="gnis_pop.148604" xmlns:topp="' +
+                'http://www.openplans.org/topp">' +
+                '    <gml:name>Aflu</gml:name>' +
+                '    <topp:the_geom>' +
+                '      <gml:Point srsName="urn:x-ogc:def:crs:EPSG:4326">' +
+                '        <gml:pos>34.12 2.09</gml:pos>' +
+                '      </gml:Point>' +
+                '    </topp:the_geom>' +
+                '    <topp:population>84683</topp:population>' +
+                '    <topp:country>Algeria</topp:country>' +
+                '    <topp:type>place</topp:type>' +
+                '    <topp:name>Aflu</topp:name>' +
+                '    <topp:cdata><![CDATA[<a>b</a>]]></topp:cdata>' +
+                '  </topp:gnis_pop>' +
+                '</gml:featureMembers>';
+        const config = {
+          'featureNS': 'http://www.openplans.org/topp',
+          'featureType': 'gnis_pop'
+        };
+        features = new GML32(config).readFeatures(text);
+      } catch (e) {
+        done(e);
+      }
+      done();
+    });
+
+    it('creates 1 feature', function() {
+      expect(features).to.have.length(1);
+    });
+
+    it('converts XML attribute to text', function() {
+      expect(features[0].get('cdata')).to.be('<a>b</a>');
+    });
+  });
+
+});