diff --git a/examples/earthquake-custom-symbol.js b/examples/earthquake-custom-symbol.js
index 4bfbf58736..5d2ae04bdd 100644
--- a/examples/earthquake-custom-symbol.js
+++ b/examples/earthquake-custom-symbol.js
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import KML from '../src/ol/format/KML.js';
 import Polygon from '../src/ol/geom/Polygon.js';
 import TileLayer from '../src/ol/layer/Tile.js';
 import VectorLayer from '../src/ol/layer/Vector.js';
-import _ol_render_ from '../src/ol/render.js';
+import {toContext} from '../src/ol/render.js';
 import Stamen from '../src/ol/source/Stamen.js';
 import VectorSource from '../src/ol/source/Vector.js';
 import Fill from '../src/ol/style/Fill.js';
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ const styleFunction = function(feature) {
   if (!style) {
     const canvas =
         /** @type {HTMLCanvasElement} */ (document.createElement('canvas'));
-    const vectorContext = _ol_render_.toContext(
+    const vectorContext = toContext(
       /** @type {CanvasRenderingContext2D} */ (canvas.getContext('2d')),
       {size: [size, size], pixelRatio: 1});
     vectorContext.setStyle(new Style({
diff --git a/examples/render-geometry.js b/examples/render-geometry.js
index 97f6d5a70d..d165de09f7 100644
--- a/examples/render-geometry.js
+++ b/examples/render-geometry.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import LineString from '../src/ol/geom/LineString.js';
 import Point from '../src/ol/geom/Point.js';
 import Polygon from '../src/ol/geom/Polygon.js';
-import _ol_render_ from '../src/ol/render.js';
+import {toContext} from '../src/ol/render.js';
 import CircleStyle from '../src/ol/style/Circle.js';
 import Fill from '../src/ol/style/Fill.js';
 import Stroke from '../src/ol/style/Stroke.js';
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import Style from '../src/ol/style/Style.js';
 
 
 const canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');
-const vectorContext = _ol_render_.toContext(canvas.getContext('2d'), {size: [100, 100]});
+const vectorContext = toContext(canvas.getContext('2d'), {size: [100, 100]});
 
 const fill = new Fill({color: 'blue'});
 const stroke = new Stroke({color: 'black'});
diff --git a/src/ol/render.js b/src/ol/render.js
index b32ac483ef..40a997821d 100644
--- a/src/ol/render.js
+++ b/src/ol/render.js
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 import _ol_has_ from './has.js';
 import _ol_transform_ from './transform.js';
 import CanvasImmediateRenderer from './render/canvas/Immediate.js';
-const _ol_render_ = {};
 
 
 /**
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ const _ol_render_ = {};
  * @return {ol.render.canvas.Immediate} Canvas Immediate.
  * @api
  */
-_ol_render_.toContext = function(context, opt_options) {
+export function toContext(context, opt_options) {
   const canvas = context.canvas;
   const options = opt_options ? opt_options : {};
   const pixelRatio = options.pixelRatio || _ol_has_.DEVICE_PIXEL_RATIO;
@@ -40,7 +39,5 @@ _ol_render_.toContext = function(context, opt_options) {
   }
   const extent = [0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height];
   const transform = _ol_transform_.scale(_ol_transform_.create(), pixelRatio, pixelRatio);
-  return new CanvasImmediateRenderer(context, pixelRatio, extent, transform,
-    0);
-};
-export default _ol_render_;
+  return new CanvasImmediateRenderer(context, pixelRatio, extent, transform, 0);
+}
diff --git a/test/rendering/ol/render.test.js b/test/rendering/ol/render.test.js
index eadba2ebf6..6a516ec91e 100644
--- a/test/rendering/ol/render.test.js
+++ b/test/rendering/ol/render.test.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import LineString from '../../../src/ol/geom/LineString.js';
 import Point from '../../../src/ol/geom/Point.js';
 import Polygon from '../../../src/ol/geom/Polygon.js';
-import _ol_render_ from '../../../src/ol/render.js';
+import {toContext} from '../../../src/ol/render.js';
 import VectorContext from '../../../src/ol/render/VectorContext.js';
 import CanvasImmediateRenderer from '../../../src/ol/render/canvas/Immediate.js';
 import CircleStyle from '../../../src/ol/style/Circle.js';
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ describe('ol.render', function() {
   describe('ol.render.toContext()', function() {
 
     it('creates a vector context from a Canvas 2d context', function() {
-      const vectorContext = _ol_render_.toContext(getContext(), {
+      const vectorContext = toContext(getContext(), {
         pixelRatio: 1,
         size: [100, 100]
       });
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ describe('ol.render', function() {
 
     it('can be used to render a point geometry', function(done) {
       const context = getContext();
-      const vectorContext = _ol_render_.toContext(context, {
+      const vectorContext = toContext(context, {
         pixelRatio: 1,
         size: [100, 100]
       });
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ describe('ol.render', function() {
 
     it('can be used to render a linestring geometry', function(done) {
       const context = getContext();
-      const vectorContext = _ol_render_.toContext(context, {
+      const vectorContext = toContext(context, {
         pixelRatio: 1,
         size: [100, 100]
       });
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ describe('ol.render', function() {
 
     it('respects lineCap for linestring', function(done) {
       const context = getContext();
-      const vectorContext = _ol_render_.toContext(context, {
+      const vectorContext = toContext(context, {
         pixelRatio: 1,
         size: [100, 100]
       });
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ describe('ol.render', function() {
 
     it('respects lineJoin for linestring', function(done) {
       const context = getContext();
-      const vectorContext = _ol_render_.toContext(context, {
+      const vectorContext = toContext(context, {
         pixelRatio: 1,
         size: [100, 100]
       });
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ describe('ol.render', function() {
 
     it('can be used to render a polygon geometry', function(done) {
       const context = getContext();
-      const vectorContext = _ol_render_.toContext(context, {
+      const vectorContext = toContext(context, {
         pixelRatio: 1,
         size: [100, 100]
       });
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ describe('ol.render', function() {
 
     it('supports lineDash styles', function(done) {
       const context = getContext();
-      const vectorContext = _ol_render_.toContext(context, {
+      const vectorContext = toContext(context, {
         pixelRatio: 1,
         size: [100, 100]
       });
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ describe('ol.render', function() {
 
     it('supports lineDashOffset', function(done) {
       const context = getContext();
-      const vectorContext = _ol_render_.toContext(context, {
+      const vectorContext = toContext(context, {
         pixelRatio: 1,
         size: [100, 100]
       });
diff --git a/test/spec/ol/render.test.js b/test/spec/ol/render.test.js
index 718cc5ed1e..991d722f84 100644
--- a/test/spec/ol/render.test.js
+++ b/test/spec/ol/render.test.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import {equals} from '../../../src/ol/array.js';
 import _ol_has_ from '../../../src/ol/has.js';
-import _ol_render_ from '../../../src/ol/render.js';
+import {toContext} from '../../../src/ol/render.js';
 import CanvasImmediateRenderer from '../../../src/ol/render/canvas/Immediate.js';
 import _ol_transform_ from '../../../src/ol/transform.js';
 
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ describe('ol.render', function() {
 
     it('creates an ol.render.canvas.Immediate and sets defaults', function() {
       const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
-      const render = _ol_render_.toContext(canvas.getContext('2d'));
+      const render = toContext(canvas.getContext('2d'));
       expect(render).to.be.a(CanvasImmediateRenderer);
       expect(render.pixelRatio_).to.be(_ol_has_.DEVICE_PIXEL_RATIO);
     });
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ describe('ol.render', function() {
       const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
       const pixelRatio = 1.5;
       const size = [100, 50];
-      const render = _ol_render_.toContext(canvas.getContext('2d'),
+      const render = toContext(canvas.getContext('2d'),
         {pixelRatio: pixelRatio, size: size});
       expect(render.pixelRatio_).to.be(pixelRatio);
       expect(render.extent_).to.eql(